ENGLISH
REFERENCE

bread and circuses

idiom
Meaning

Food and entertainment provided by the state, particularly if intended to placate the people.


Origin

disputed origin

Calque of Latin panem et circenses, a reference to Satire 10 of the Roman poet Juvenal’s Satires (early 2nd century C.E.). The relevant passage states: “… nam qui dabat olim imperium, fasces, legiones, omnia, nunc se continet atque duas tantum res anxius optat, panem et circenses” (“[F]or that sovereign people that once gave away military command, consulships, legions, and every thing, now bridles its desires, and limits its anxious longings to two things only,—bread, and the games of the circus!”). Juvenal was commenting that the Roman people no longer cared for political involvement, and were satisfied with cheap food and entertainment provided by politicians.

Examples
SIMPLE

The government keeps the public happy with bread and circuses.

CONTEXTUAL

Critics argue that the new stadium project is just bread and circuses to distract voters from the failing economy.

COMPLEX

The cynical leader maintained his grip on power by providing the restless population with nothing more than bread and circuses, effectively silencing any political dissent.

Anchors to
Related idioms8entries
  1. 01

    a little bit of bread and no cheese

    Used to represent the song of the yellowhammer (Emberiza citrinella).

  2. 02

    best thing since sliced bread

    Alternative form of greatest thing since sliced bread.

  3. 03

    bread and butter

    That which is central or fundamental, as to one's business, survival, or income; a staple or cornerstone.

  4. 04

    bread of life

    Anything which is regarded as a source or inspiration of spiritual nourishment.

  5. 05

    brown bread

    Dead.

  6. 06

    burn bread

    To cause something unfortunate to happen to (someone) by mentioning it; to jinx something for (someone).

  7. 07

    butter one's bread on both sides

    To profit from two things at the same time, especially when those things seem contradictory or incompatible.

  8. 08

    cast one's bread upon the waters

    To perform a kind deed or favor without the motivation of any immediate reward or benefit to oneself, though with the possibility of eventual future return.

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