English Reference
noun

atlas

n.
US /ˈætɫəs/ UK /ˈætləs/ at·las UK spelling atlases

  1. 01 B1 Intermediate Geography

    a book that contains many maps of the world or a specific area.

    a bound collection of maps, often including geographical data, tables, and illustrations.

    Simple

    We looked at the atlas to find the exact location of the island.

    In context

    The historical atlas provides a fascinating visual record of how national borders in Europe shifted throughout the nineteenth century.

    map bookchartbook
  2. 02 B2 Upper Intermediate Religion

    a giant from Greek stories who was forced to hold up the sky on his shoulders.

    a Titan in Greek mythology condemned by Zeus to support the celestial heavens on his shoulders.

    Simple

    In the old stories, Atlas carries the weight of the world.

    In context

    The sculpture depicts Atlas straining under the immense weight of the celestial sphere, a classic symbol of endurance and burden.

  3. 03 C2 Proficiency Technical Medicine

    the very top bone of your spine that supports your head.

    the first cervical vertebra (C1), which supports the skull and allows for the nodding motion of the head.

    Simple

    The doctor explained that the atlas bone helps you move your head up and down.

    In context

    A fracture of the atlas is a serious clinical condition that often requires immediate stabilisation of the upper cervical spine.

    C1 vertebra
  4. 04 C2 Proficiency Technical Architecture

    a stone carving of a man used like a pillar to hold up a roof.

    a support sculpted in the form of a man, used in place of a column or pilaster to support an entablature.

    Simple

    The old building was decorated with stone figures called atlases.

    In context

    The baroque facade is famous for its muscular atlases that appear to struggle under the weight of the heavy stone balcony.

    telamon
    caryatid
  5. 05 C1 Advanced Academic

    a book or collection of detailed pictures and information about a specific subject.

    a bound collection of tables, charts, or illustrations providing a systematic overview of a complex subject.

    Simple

    The medical student studied an atlas of human cells.

    In context

    The researchers published a comprehensive atlas of the brain, mapping every neural connection with unprecedented detail.

    compendiumconspectus

Atlas belonged to the Titans, the older and mightier race that ruled before the gods of Olympus. When the young gods rose against them, a war shook the heavens, and the Titans lost. Atlas, strong beyond measure, had stood on the losing side.

Zeus, the victor, did not kill him. He devised something heavier than death. He set Atlas at the western edge of the world, laid the whole weight of the sky across his shoulders, and told him to hold it up forever, so that heaven and earth could never crash together again.

And so he stood, and stands still in the imagination: a giant braced against an endless burden, arms and neck straining under a vault that presses down and never lifts. Travellers said he had turned to stone at last and become a mountain in the far northwest of Africa, the range that still carries his name.

Centuries later a mapmaker in Flanders, Gerardus Mercator, gathered his charts of the whole known world into a single great book. For the cover he wanted a figure who carried the world on his back, and the Titan was the obvious choice. He printed a picture of Atlas shouldering his globe.

The image stuck to the object. Soon any bound collection of maps took the name of the giant on its cover, and that is why the book you pull down to find a country, an ocean, or a range of mountains is called an atlas to this day.

Original etymology written by .

This entry
Level B1 · Intermediate
Frequency Frequent
Updated