English Reference

Word

geography

Phoneticsge·og·ra·phy, stress on the second syllable

US/dʒiˈɑɡɹəfi/

UK/dʒɪˈɒɡɹəfi/

Definitions

01academic subject

A1 · Beginner Uncountable noun Science

n. the study of the world's surface, climate, and how people live in different places.

n. the scientific study of the Earth's physical features, atmosphere, and the distribution of human populations and resources.

“In geography class today, we learned about the major rivers in South America.”

“The university's geography department focuses on the intersection of urban development and environmental sustainability in coastal regions.”

Synonyms

earth sciencetopography

02physical terrain

B1 · Intermediate Uncountable noun

n. the physical features of a specific area of land.

n. the physical characteristics and topographical features of a specific region or territory.

“The rough geography of the mountains made it difficult to build new roads.”

“The local geography, dominated by steep limestone cliffs and deep valleys, provided a natural defense against invading forces for centuries.”

03layout of a place

B2 · Upper Intermediate Uncountable noun Informal

n. the way a building or room is organized.

n. the physical arrangement or spatial distribution of elements within a specific structure or area.

“It took me a few days to learn the geography of the new office building.”

“Once you understand the geography of the warehouse, finding specific inventory items becomes a much more efficient process.”

04business territory

B2 · Upper Intermediate Countable noun Business Academic

n. a specific area or region where a company does business.

n. a geographical area defined as a specific field of business operations or a market sector.

“Our sales team is responsible for the northern geography of the country.”

“The firm decided to expand into the Asian geography after seeing significant growth in consumer demand across the Pacific Rim.”

Collocations

Common phrases and expressions where native English speakers use the word “geography” in context.

01. geography homogeneous 02. human geography

In Japanese

地理

ちり chiri JLPT N4

geography

Japanese from JMdict (EDRDG), CC BY-SA 4.0. All sources.

Etymology

Etymology tree Pre-Greek der. Proto-Hellenic *gayader. Ancient Greek γαῖᾰ (gaîă)clip. Ancient Greek γῆ (gê) Ancient Greek -ο- (-o-) Ancient Greek γεω- (geō-) Proto-Indo-European *gerbʰ- Proto-Hellenic *grə́pʰō Ancient Greek γράφω (gráphō) Ancient Greek -γρᾰ́φος (-grắphos) Ancient Greek γεωγρᾰ́φος (geōgrắphos) Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-i-eh₂ Proto-Hellenic *-íā Ancient Greek -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā) ▲ Ancient Greek γεω- (geō-) ▲ Ancient Greek γράφω (gráphō) Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Ancient Greek -ᾱ (-ā) Ancient Greek -η (-ē) Ancient Greek γραφή (graphḗ) Ancient Greek -γρᾰφῐ́ᾱ (-grăphĭ́ā) Ancient Greek γεωγρᾰφῐ́ᾱ (geōgrăphĭ́ā)bor. Latin geōgraphia Middle French géographie English geography From Middle French géographie, from Latin geōgraphia, from Ancient Greek γεωγραφία (geōgraphía, “a description of the earth”), from γῆ (gê, “earth”) + γράφω (gráphō, “write”). Use in reference to lavatories derives from the mid-20th century euphemism "show one the geography of the house" in reference to pointing out the toilets.

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Word family

NOUN

Related words

Domains

AstronomyBusinessGeography

This entry

Exam level
CambridgeCambridgeCambridge English QualificationsThe exam suite from Cambridge University Press & Assessment, from A1 Movers up to C2 Proficiency. The benchmark names double as CEFR labels.A1 MoversIELTSIELTSInternational English Language Testing SystemThe 0–9 band test co-owned by the British Council, IDP, and Cambridge. Used for university entry, work, and migration.2.0–3.0TOEFL iBTTOEFL iBTTest of English as a Foreign Language, Internet-Based TestETS's academic English test, the standard route for US university admissions. Scored 0–120, with a 1–6 scale since 2026.1–6 scale: 1.0–1.50–23TOEICTOEICTest of English for International CommunicationETS's workplace English test, big in Japan and Korea. Listening & Reading scores 10–990 and tops out at C1.120–224
Frequency
Frequent
Level
A1 · BeginnerOxford
Updated

QR code

englishreference.com/q/geography

English Reference