English Reference
noun · adjective

bulk

n. · adj.
US /ˈbəɫk/ UK /bˈʌlk/ bulk UK spelling bulked, bulks

  1. 01 B2 Upper Intermediate Academic

    n.the largest part of something.

    n.the greater part or majority of a whole.

    Simple

    The bulk of the work was finished by noon, so we took a long break.

    In context

    The bulk of the research funding was allocated to renewable energy projects, leaving little for traditional fossil fuel studies.

    Usage

    Usually follows the pattern 'the bulk of [something]'.

  2. 02 B2 Upper Intermediate Informal

    n.extra body weight, especially from building muscle.

    n.increased body mass, specifically muscle tissue developed through strength training and diet.

    Simple

    He started eating more protein to add some bulk to his frame.

    In context

    The athlete focused on adding functional bulk during the off-season to improve his performance in contact situations.

    muscleheaviness
  3. 03 B2 Upper Intermediate

    adj.bought or sold in large amounts, often at a lower price.

    adj.relating to goods bought, sold, or transported in large quantities and not in separate packages.

    Simple

    It is usually cheaper to buy rice in bulk bags rather than small boxes.

    In context

    The company specialises in bulk shipments of raw minerals to industrial manufacturing plants across the continent.

    Usage

    Commonly used in the phrase 'in bulk'.

But one recent single bulk order from a Canadian company equalled what he would expect to move in seven days.

BBC News· 15 Aug 2026

Gimon explained that the bulk of new projects are small and mid-size utility-scale solar.

Ars Technica· 15 Aug 2026

From Middle English bulk, bolke (“a heap, cargo, hold; heap; bulge”), borrowed from Old Norse búlki (“the freight or the cargo of a ship”), from Proto-Germanic bulkô (“beam, pile, heap”), from Proto-Indo-European bʰelǵ- (“beam, pile, prop”). Compare Icelandic búlkast (“to be bulky”), Swedish dialectal bulk (“a bunch”), Danish bulk (“bump, knob”). Conflated with Middle English bouk (“belly, trunk”).

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This entry
Origin Middle English bouk
Level C1 · Advanced
Frequency Common
Updated