contend
- 01 C1 Advanced
to say that something is true, especially during an argument or a formal discussion.
to assert or maintain a position in an argument. Often followed by a 'that' clause.
Simple“The lawyer continued to contend that his client was innocent despite the new evidence.”
In context“Critics of the policy contend that the proposed tax reforms will disproportionately affect middle-income families while failing to address the deficit.”
UsageCommonly used with a 'that' clause to introduce a formal statement of belief or fact.
- 02 B2 Upper Intermediate
to have to deal with a difficult situation or a person who is causing trouble.
to struggle against or cope with a difficulty, obstacle, or opposition.
Simple“The rescue team had to contend with freezing rain and strong winds all night.”
In context“Small businesses must often contend with complex regulatory frameworks that were originally designed for much larger corporations.”
UsageAlmost always used with the preposition 'with'.
- 03 C1 Advanced
to compete with others to win something or to achieve a goal.
to strive in rivalry or competition against others for a prize or status.
Simple“Three different cities are now contending to host the next Olympic Games.”
In context“Several young athletes are contending for the gold medal, each bringing a unique set of strengths to the final round of the competition.”
UsageOften followed by 'for' (the prize) or 'against' (the opponent).
“Swiatek says it can be challenging to contend with external criticism while searching for her best form.”
“Similarly, those with PMDD also contend with dramatic effects , and can have an even harder time receiving effective care.”
From Middle English contenden, borrowed from Old French contendre, from Latin contendere (“to stretch out, extend, strive after, contend”), from com- (“together”) + tendere (“to stretch”); see tend, and compare attend, extend, intend, subtend.
Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.