English Reference

Word

cooperate

Phoneticsco·op·er·ate

US/ˈkwɑpɝˌeɪt/

UK/kəʊˈɒpəɹˌeɪt/

Definitions

01to work together

B1 · Intermediate

v. to work with other people to reach a common goal or finish a task.

v. to act or work jointly with others for a mutual benefit or common purpose.

“The two companies decided to cooperate on a new project to build electric cars.”

“Local authorities and environmental groups must cooperate closely if they hope to restore the river's ecosystem within the next decade.”

Usage

Usually followed by the preposition 'with' for people and 'on' for tasks.

Synonyms

Antonyms

02to be helpful

B2 · Upper Intermediate

v. to do what someone asks you to do, especially an official or a person in charge.

v. to comply with the requests or instructions of others, particularly those in authority.

“The witness agreed to cooperate with the police and told them everything she saw.”

“Despite initial hesitation, the suspect eventually chose to cooperate fully with the investigation in exchange for a reduced sentence.”

Usage

Often used in the context of police investigations or following rules.

Synonyms

Antonyms

03to function in harmony

C1 · Advanced Literary

v. when things work well together to produce a good result.

v. to function or operate in harmony; used of inanimate objects or abstract forces that align to produce a specific outcome.

“The weather did not cooperate, and our outdoor party was ruined by rain.”

“For the experiment to succeed, every variable must cooperate perfectly, as even a minor fluctuation in temperature could invalidate the results.”

Synonyms

Antonyms

04to turn a witness

C2 · Proficiency Law Technical · American English

v. to persuade someone to help the police or a court, usually by offering them a deal.

v. to obtain the formal assistance of a potential witness, often by offering legal incentives.

“The prosecutor spent months trying to cooperate the driver of the getaway car.”

“Federal agents successfully cooperated the lead accountant, whose testimony provided the evidence needed to dismantle the entire criminal enterprise.”

Usage

In this specific legal sense, the verb is used transitively.

Synonyms

Collocations

Common phrases and expressions where native English speakers use the word “cooperate” in context.

Verb

01. cooperate and collaborate

“To solve the climate crisis, nations must cooperate and collaborate on green technology.”

verb + and + verb

02. cooperate with the authorities

“Witnesses are being urged to cooperate with the authorities to help catch the perpetrator.”

verb + prep + noun

03. refuse to cooperate

“The suspect refused to cooperate with the detectives during the interrogation.”

verb + infinitive

Adverb

04. closely cooperate

“The two departments closely cooperated to ensure the project was finished on time.”

adv + verb

05. fully cooperate

“The local government has promised to fully cooperate with the federal investigation.”

adv + verb

06. willingly cooperate

“Most residents willingly cooperated when asked to evacuate the flood zone.”

adv + verb

Real-World Examples

“Species that live this way form colonies containing overlapping generations, cooperate in raising young and divide reproductive responsibilities.”
ScienceDaily 15 Aug 2026
“People like that would have to be “out of the inner circle” before Reform UK would hold talks with Restore Britain about cooperating, he said.”
The Guardian 10 Aug 2026

Etymology

Originated 1595–1605 from Late Latin cooperātus, perfect passive participle of cooperor (“to work with”), see -ate (verb-forming suffix) for more. Equivalent to co- + operate. Displaced native Old English efnwyrċan.

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Word family

VERB

cooperate(C1)

Domain

Law

This entry

Exam level
CambridgeCambridgeCambridge English QualificationsThe exam suite from Cambridge University Press & Assessment, from A1 Movers up to C2 Proficiency. The benchmark names double as CEFR labels.C1 AdvancedIELTSIELTSInternational English Language Testing SystemThe 0–9 band test co-owned by the British Council, IDP, and Cambridge. Used for university entry, work, and migration.7.0–8.0TOEFL iBTTOEFL iBTTest of English as a Foreign Language, Internet-Based TestETS's academic English test, the standard route for US university admissions. Scored 0–120, with a 1–6 scale since 2026.1–6 scale: 5.0–5.595–113TOEICTOEICTest of English for International CommunicationETS's workplace English test, big in Japan and Korea. Listening & Reading scores 10–990 and tops out at C1.945–990
Frequency
Frequent
Level
C1 · AdvancedOxford
Updated

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