English Reference

Word

dear

US/ˈdɪɹ/

UK/dˈiə/

Definitions

01starting a letter

A1 · Beginner Formal

adj. a polite way to start a letter or email before the person's name.

adj. a conventional formula of address used at the beginning of letters or formal communications.

“Dear Mr. Smith, I am writing to thank you for your help.”

“Dear Professor Higgins, I would like to formally request an extension on my final thesis submission.”

Usage

Always placed before the recipient's name or title.

Synonyms

02loved or important

A2 · Elementary

adj. someone or something that you love or care about very much.

adj. regarded with deep affection; cherished or highly valued.

“She lost a very dear friend in the accident last year.”

“The old photograph was dear to him, representing the only surviving image of his childhood home before the war.”

Usage

Often follows 'to' when describing the relationship, such as 'dear to me'.

Antonyms

03expensive

B2 · Upper Intermediate British English

adj. costing a lot of money.

adj. high in price; expensive. Primarily used in British and Irish English.

“Everything in that shop is much too dear for my budget.”

“While the quality of the fabric is undeniable, the tailor's services are becoming increasingly dear for the average customer.”

Antonyms

04kind or loved person

B1 · Intermediate Countable noun Informal

n. a kind person, or a name you call someone you love.

n. an affectionate or familiar term of address for a person; also used to describe a helpful or kind individual.

“Could you help me with these bags, there's a dear?”

“The neighbor is such a dear; she always brings over extra vegetables from her garden during the harvest season.”

05expressing surprise or worry

A2 · Elementary

interj. a word used to show you are surprised, sorry, or a little annoyed.

interj. an exclamation used to express surprise, distress, sympathy, or preoccupation.

“Oh dear, I think I've forgotten my keys in the car.”

“Dear me, the weather has certainly taken a turn for the worse since we arrived at the coast.”

Usage

Commonly used in the phrases 'Oh dear' or 'Dear me'.

Synonyms

oh nogoodness

Word family

ADJECTIVE

Related words

Idioms

This entry

Exam level
CambridgeCambridgeCambridge English QualificationsThe exam suite from Cambridge University Press & Assessment, from A1 Movers up to C2 Proficiency. The benchmark names double as CEFR labels.A1 MoversIELTSIELTSInternational English Language Testing SystemThe 0–9 band test co-owned by the British Council, IDP, and Cambridge. Used for university entry, work, and migration.2.0–3.0TOEFL iBTTOEFL iBTTest of English as a Foreign Language, Internet-Based TestETS's academic English test, the standard route for US university admissions. Scored 0–120, with a 1–6 scale since 2026.1–6 scale: 1.0–1.50–23TOEICTOEICTest of English for International CommunicationETS's workplace English test, big in Japan and Korea. Listening & Reading scores 10–990 and tops out at C1.120–224
Frequency
Common
Level
A1 · BeginnerOxford
Updated

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English Reference