Word
descend
Phoneticsde·scend, stress on the second syllable
US/dɪˈsɛnd/
UK/dɪsˈɛnd/
Definitions
01to move down
B2 · Upper Intermediate
v. to go or come down from a higher place to a lower one.
v. to move downwards from a higher to a lower level. Often used in formal or technical contexts where 'go down' is too informal.
Español:descender
“The hikers began to descend the mountain as the sun started to set.”
“The aircraft began to descend toward the runway, its engines humming at a lower pitch as it lost altitude.”
Usage
Can be used transitively (descend the stairs) or intransitively (the lift descended).
02family lineage
B2 · Upper Intermediate Biology
v. to come from a particular ancestor or family in the past.
v. to have a specific person or group as an ancestor. Usually used in the passive form 'be descended from'.
“Many people in this village are descended from the original settlers.”
“Genetic evidence suggests that the modern species is descended from a small population that survived the last ice age.”
Pitfall
He descends from a royal family.
He is descended from a royal family.
When talking about family history, we usually use the passive 'be descended from'.
Synonyms
03to worsen
C1 · Advanced Formal
v. to change into a worse or less organized state.
v. to pass into a lower or less desirable state or condition, often implying a loss of control or dignity.
“The peaceful protest quickly descended into a violent riot.”
“The meeting descended into chaos as several board members began shouting over one another regarding the budget cuts.”
Usage
Typically used with the preposition 'into'.
Synonyms
Antonyms
04to slope down
B2 · Upper Intermediate
v. to point or lead downwards.
v. to extend or slope in a downward direction.
“The road descends sharply toward the coast after you pass the forest.”
“The garden is arranged in terraces that descend toward the riverbank, providing a panoramic view of the valley.”
Antonyms
05to arrive suddenly
C1 · Advanced Literary
v. to arrive suddenly and in large numbers, often when not wanted.
v. to make a sudden attack or visit, typically in large numbers. Often implies an overwhelming or intrusive arrival.
“Hundreds of reporters descended on the small town after the news broke.”
“As soon as the celebrity stepped out of the car, a swarm of photographers descended upon her, flashing their cameras incessantly.”
Usage
Usually takes the preposition 'on' or 'upon'.
Collocations
Common phrases and expressions where native English speakers use the word “descend” in context.
Verb
01. descend from royalty
“He claims to descend from royalty, though he has no documents to prove it.”
verb + prep + noun
02. descend into chaos
“After the power outage, the city streets quickly descended into chaos.”
verb + prep + noun
03. descend the stairs
“The bride began to slowly descend the stairs as the music started to play.”
verb + noun
04. descend to a level
“I never thought he would descend to such a level of dishonesty just to win an argument.”
verb + prep + noun
05. rapidly descend
“The aircraft had to rapidly descend to a lower altitude due to a loss of cabin pressure.”
adv + verb
Noun
06. darkness descended on the valley
“As darkness descended on the valley, the hikers realized they were lost.”
noun + verb
07. silence descended
“A sudden silence descended upon the room when the principal walked in.”
noun + verb
Real-World Examples
“One hundred or more local residents, tourists, and photographers descended on the church grounds with cameras, telescopes, music, and their favorite libations.” “An ayahuasca ceremony at a desert commune descends into gun-toting mayhem.” Etymology
PIE word *de The verb is derived from Middle English descenden (“to move downwards, fall, descend; to slope downwards; to go from a better to a worse condition, decline, degenerate; to be a descendant, derive from (a source); etc.”), from Anglo-Norman descendere, descendre, and Old French descendere, descendre (“to move downwards, fall, descend; to slope downwards; to be a descendant, derive from (a source); etc.”) (modern French descendre), and from their etymon Latin dēscendere, the present active infinitive of dēscendō (“to come or go down, fall, descend; to slope downwards; to be a descendant; etc.”), from de- (prefix meaning ‘from; down from’) + scandō (“to ascend, climb; to clamber”) (from Proto-Indo-European *skend- (“to climb, scale; to dart; to jump”)). The noun is derived from the verb.
Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.
Word family
VERB
ADJECTIVE
Domains
- Exam level
- CambridgeCambridgeCambridge English QualificationsThe exam suite from Cambridge University Press & Assessment, from A1 Movers up to C2 Proficiency. The benchmark names double as CEFR labels.C1 AdvancedIELTSIELTSInternational English Language Testing SystemThe 0–9 band test co-owned by the British Council, IDP, and Cambridge. Used for university entry, work, and migration.7.0–8.0TOEFL iBTTOEFL iBTTest of English as a Foreign Language, Internet-Based TestETS's academic English test, the standard route for US university admissions. Scored 0–120, with a 1–6 scale since 2026.1–6 scale: 5.0–5.595–113TOEICTOEICTest of English for International CommunicationETS's workplace English test, big in Japan and Korea. Listening & Reading scores 10–990 and tops out at C1.945–990
- Frequency
- Frequent
- Level
- C1 · AdvancedOxford
- Updated
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QR code
englishreference.com/q/descend
Traducciones: Kaikki.org (Wiktionary), CC BY-SA 4.0