ENGLISH
REFERENCE

existential

adj.
C1 Advanced US //ˌɛɡˌzɪsˈtɛnʃəɫ// UK //ɛɡzɪstˈɛnʃəl// ex·is·ten·tial

adj. relating to human existence or the experience of being alive. It often describes a serious threat to something's very survival or a deep questioning of life's meaning.

adj. relating to existence, especially human existence as viewed in philosophy. Often describes a threat that jeopardizes the continued survival of an entity or a crisis concerning the purpose of life.


SIMPLE

The company faces an existential threat from new technology.

CONTEXTUAL

Climate change is often described as an existential challenge because it threatens the future of human civilization.

COMPLEX

The protagonist's existential dread stems from the realization that his daily routines lack any inherent purpose or lasting significance in the grander scheme of the universe.

Synonyms
Origin

The adjective is a learned borrowing from Late Latin existentialis, exsistentialis (“coming into or relating to existence”) + English -al (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives; and forming nouns of verbal action). Existentialis, exsistentialis are derived from Late Latin existentia, exsistentia (“existence”) + Latin -ālis (suffix forming adjectives of relationship); and existentia, exsistentia from Latin existēns, exsistēns (“being, existing; appearing, emerging; becoming”) (the present active participle of existō, exsistō (“to be, exist; to appear, emerge; to become”), from ex- (prefix meaning ‘away; out’) + sistō (“to cause to stand; to place, set; to halt, stop”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand (up)”))) + -ia (suffix forming feminine abstract nouns). The noun is derived from the adjective.

Usage

Commonly used in the phrases 'existential threat' and 'existential crisis'.

© 2026 English Reference