English Reference
noun

extraction

n.
US /ɛkˈstɹækʃən/ UK /ɛkstɹˈækʃən/ ex·trac·tion UK spelling extraction's, extraction's

  1. 01 B2 Upper Intermediate Science

    the process of taking something out of a surface or a substance, like oil from the ground.

    the act of removing or obtaining something from a source by force, suction, or chemical process.

    Simple

    The extraction of oil from the deep ocean floor is a difficult and expensive task.

    In context

    The mining company faced significant environmental regulations regarding the extraction of rare earth minerals from the protected valley.

  2. 02 C1 Advanced Formal

    a person's family background or where their ancestors came from.

    the ethnic or national origin of a person; lineage or ancestry.

    Simple

    She is of Italian extraction, though she has lived in London her whole life.

    In context

    The historian noted that many families of French extraction settled in this region during the eighteenth century.

    Usage

    Usually follows the preposition 'of'.

  3. 03 B2 Upper Intermediate Technical Sport

    the act of moving someone from a dangerous or enemy area to a safe place.

    the tactical removal of personnel from a hostile or hazardous environment to a secure location.

    Simple

    The helicopter arrived just in time for the extraction of the trapped soldiers.

    In context

    The special forces team coordinated a night-time extraction to retrieve the diplomats before the border was closed.

    Teacher's tip

    In a military context, this is the opposite of 'insertion'.

  4. 04 B2 Upper Intermediate Medicine

    the act of a dentist pulling a tooth out of your mouth.

    the surgical removal of a tooth from its socket in the jawbone.

    Simple

    The dentist said that an extraction was necessary because the tooth was too damaged to fix.

    In context

    Following the extraction of his wisdom teeth, the patient was advised to avoid solid foods for several days.

After collecting leaf samples, Karimi brought them back to Wisconsin to be ground up for extraction.

Phys.org· 14 Aug 2026

When commercial extraction began in the 1840s, workers were not simply shoveling loose bird droppings.

The Conversation· 27 Jul 2026

From Old French estraction, from Medieval Latin extractio.

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This entry
Origin la-med extractio
Level B2 · Upper Intermediate
Frequency Frequent
Updated