Phrasal verb
factor in
Definition
phrasal verb. To include a particular fact or situation when you are planning something or making a decision. You use this when you need to think about all the details before you decide.
phrasal verb. To include a specific variable or piece of information as a relevant element when performing a calculation or making an assessment. Transitive; the object can be a noun phrase or a 'that' clause.
Examples
“You must factor in the cost of shipping before buying the car.”
“When planning the outdoor wedding, the couple had to factor in the possibility of heavy rain and rent a tent.”
“Economists must factor in the volatility of global oil prices when projecting the domestic inflation rate for the upcoming fiscal year.”
Examples
simple
“You must factor in the cost of shipping before buying the car.”
contextual
“When planning the outdoor wedding, the couple had to factor in the possibility of heavy rain and rent a tent.”
complex
“Economists must factor in the volatility of global oil prices when projecting the domestic inflation rate for the upcoming fiscal year.”
Usage
Usually followed by a noun representing a cost, time, or risk that affects a final result.
Teaching tip
Contrast with 'account for'; 'factor in' is specifically about including a variable in a calculation or decision process.
Pitfall
We factored the extra costs.
We factored in the extra costs.
The particle 'in' is essential to convey the meaning of inclusion; without it, 'factor' has a different mathematical or causative meaning.
Phrasal verb
Particles
in
Separability
optional
Pattern
factor + in + object
Synonyms
Antonyms
Grammar
- Exam level
- CambridgeCambridgeCambridge English QualificationsThe exam suite from Cambridge University Press & Assessment, from A1 Movers up to C2 Proficiency. The benchmark names double as CEFR labels.B2 FirstIELTSIELTSInternational English Language Testing SystemThe 0–9 band test co-owned by the British Council, IDP, and Cambridge. Used for university entry, work, and migration.5.5–6.5TOEFL iBTTOEFL iBTTest of English as a Foreign Language, Internet-Based TestETS's academic English test, the standard route for US university admissions. Scored 0–120, with a 1–6 scale since 2026.1–6 scale: 4.0–4.572–94TOEICTOEICTest of English for International CommunicationETS's workplace English test, big in Japan and Korea. Listening & Reading scores 10–990 and tops out at C1.785–944
- Level
- B2 · Upper Intermediate
- Updated
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