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REFERENCE

fundamental

adj. · n.
US //ˌfəndəˈmɛnəɫ// UK //fˌʌndəmˈɛntəl// fun·da·men·tal
  1. 1 essential or basic (adj.)
    B2 Upper Intermediate Academic

    forming the most important or basic part of something.

    serving as a foundation or core basis; essential to the nature of a system or idea.

    Example

    Freedom of speech is a fundamental right in many countries.

    Example

    The research team identified a fundamental flaw in the original hypothesis, necessitating a complete revision of the experimental framework.

    Usage

    Often used to describe rights, principles, or changes.
  2. 2 a basic rule or truth (n.)
    B2 Upper Intermediate Academic

    a basic rule, fact, or idea that other things are based on.

    a central principle or primary rule that serves as a building block for a complex system of thought.

    Example

    The course covers the fundamentals of graphic design, starting with color theory.

    Example

    Before attempting advanced calculus, students must demonstrate a firm grasp of algebraic fundamentals.

    Usage

    Frequently used in the plural form 'fundamentals' when referring to education or skills.
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  1. 3 lowest frequency (n.)
    C2 Proficiency Technical Music

    the lowest frequency of a sound or signal.

    the lowest frequency of a periodic waveform or the lowest partial of a complex musical tone.

    Example

    The fundamental of the note was clear, even with the background noise.

    Example

    The timbre of the instrument is determined by the relationship between the fundamental and its various overtones.

    Usage

    In acoustics, it is often referred to as the 'fundamental frequency'.
    • fundamental frequency
Origin

From Late Latin fundamentālis, from Latin fundamentum (“foundation”), from fundō (“to lay the foundation (of something), to found”), from fundus (“bottom”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰudʰmḗn.

Word family

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