English Reference
noun · adjective

sovereign

n. · adj.
US /ˈsɑvɹən/ UK /sˈɒvəɹˌɪn/ sov·er·eign UK spelling sovereign's, sovereign's

  1. 01 B2 Upper Intermediate Formal

    n.a king, queen, or other person who has the highest power in a country.

    n.a supreme ruler, especially a monarch. The term is often used in formal or legal contexts to refer to the head of state.

    Simple

    The sovereign was greeted by thousands of people during the parade.

    In context

    The constitutional sovereign remains the formal head of state, though executive power is exercised by the elected parliament.

  2. 02 C1 Advanced British English

    n.a British gold coin that was worth one pound in the past.

    n.a British gold coin with a nominal value of one pound sterling, now primarily used as a bullion coin.

    Simple

    He found an old gold sovereign in his grandfather's collection.

    In context

    Investors often purchase gold sovereigns as a hedge against inflation due to their high purity and historical value.

  3. 03 B2 Upper Intermediate Academic

    adj.describes a country that is independent and has the power to govern itself.

    adj.possessing supreme or ultimate power; in political science, referring to a state that is independent of outside control.

    Simple

    The small island became a sovereign nation after many years of colonial rule.

    In context

    The treaty was designed to protect the sovereign rights of each member state while encouraging economic cooperation across the region.

    independentautonomousself governing
  4. 04 C2 Proficiency LiteraryFormal

    adj.having total power, or being the best example of something.

    adj.supreme or paramount in character; can also refer to a remedy that is exceptionally effective.

    Simple

    The judge had sovereign authority over the courtroom.

    In context

    The philosopher argued that the individual possesses sovereign control over their own mind and body.

The Duchy of Lancaster was established in 1265 to provide a private income for the sovereign and its profits soared during the late queen’s reign.

The Guardian· 16 Aug 2026

We are sovereign people and the only way things will improve is when the government recognise that and come and sit with us respectfully.

The Guardian· 19 Aug 2026

From Middle English sovereyn, from Old French soverain (whence also modern French souverain), from Vulgar Latin *superānus (compare Italian sovrano, Spanish soberano) from Latin super (“above”). Spelling influenced by folk-etymology association with reign. Doublet of soprano, from the same Latin root via Italian. Doublet of souverain. See also suzerain, foreign.

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This entry
Origin Latin super
Level C1 · Advanced
Frequency Frequent
Updated