English Reference
noun · verb

iris

n. · v.
US /ˈaɪɹəs/ UK /ˈaɪɹɪs/ iris UK spelling irises

  1. 01 B2 Upper Intermediate Medicine

    n.the colored part of your eye around the black pupil.

    n.the pigmented, contractile membrane of the eye, situated between the cornea and lens, which regulates the amount of light reaching the retina.

    Simple

    The doctor looked closely at the patient's iris to check for any unusual spots.

    In context

    The biometric scanner identifies individuals by mapping the unique patterns and textures found within the human iris.

  2. 02 B2 Upper Intermediate Science

    n.a tall plant with large, colorful flowers that usually have three petals pointing up and three hanging down.

    n.any plant of the genus Iris, characterized by showy flowers and sword-shaped leaves.

    Simple

    She planted purple irises along the edge of the garden path.

    In context

    The botanical garden features a diverse collection of bearded irises, which bloom in a spectacular array of colors during the late spring.

  3. 03 C1 Advanced Technical Photography

    n.the part of a camera lens that opens and closes to control how much light gets in.

    n.an adjustable diaphragm consisting of thin overlapping plates, used to control the aperture of a lens.

    Simple

    The photographer adjusted the iris to make the background look blurry.

    In context

    By narrowing the iris of the lens, the cinematographer was able to maintain a deep focus across the entire landscape.

  4. 04 C2 Proficiency Literary

    n.a rainbow or a bright display of many colors.

    n.a rainbow or an iridescent appearance resembling a rainbow.

    Simple

    An iris of light appeared in the mist above the waterfall.

    In context

    The poet described the morning dew as a thousand tiny irises scattered across the meadow grass.

    rainbowiridescence
  5. 05 C2 Proficiency TechnicalLiterary

    v.to open or close slowly like the part of an eye or a camera lens.

    v.to expand or contract in a manner resembling the movement of an ocular or mechanical iris.

    Simple

    The mechanical door irised open to let the crew inside.

    In context

    The stage lights slowly irised down, focusing a single, sharp beam on the lead actor as the scene concluded.


From Ancient Greek Ἶρις (Îris, “rainbow”).

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This entry
Origin Ancient Greek Ἶρις
Level B2 · Upper Intermediate
Frequency Frequent
Updated