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absence

US //ˈæbsəns// UK //ˈæbsəns// ab·sence
  1. 1 being away (n.)
    B1 Intermediate

    the state of not being in a place where you are usually found.

    the state of being away from a place or person. Uncountable in its abstract sense but often used with possessives.

    Example

    His absence from the meeting was noticed by everyone in the office.

    Example

    The manager requested a formal explanation for his repeated absence from mandatory safety briefings over the last quarter.

    Usage

    Often followed by the preposition 'from'.

  2. 2 time spent away (n.)
    B1 Intermediate

    a period of time when someone is not there.

    the specific duration or instance of being away. Countable when referring to specific occasions.

    Example

    After a long absence of five years, she finally returned to her hometown.

    Example

    During his two-week absence, the deputy director assumed all responsibilities for the department's daily operations.

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  1. 3 a lack of something (n.)
    B2 Upper Intermediate Academic

    the fact that something does not exist or is not present.

    the non-existence or lack of a specific component, quality, or entity.

    Example

    The total absence of light in the cave made it impossible to see.

    Example

    The researchers were surprised by the complete absence of any chemical residue in the soil samples collected from the site.

    Usage

    Commonly used in the phrase 'in the absence of'.

  2. 4 medical seizure (n.)
    C1 Advanced Technical Medicine

    a short time when someone loses consciousness or stops reacting, often caused by epilepsy.

    a brief loss or disruption of consciousness with a sudden onset, typically associated with petit mal epilepsy.

    Example

    The child had a brief absence where he stared into space for a few seconds.

    Example

    The patient's history of absence seizures required a specialized neurological consultation to adjust her medication levels.

    Teacher's tip

    In a medical context, this is often called an 'absence seizure' rather than just 'an absence'.

Origin

The word entered Middle English from Old French absence or ausence. It is derived from the Latin absentia, which is the noun form of absēns, the present active participle of the verb absum.

The construction of absum relies on the preposition ab, meaning from or away from, and sum, the verb to be. This Latin root descends from the Proto-Italic ap and ezom. The term is, quite literally, the state of being elsewhere.

Idioms1 entry

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