matrix

C1 · Advanced Countable noun Science Academic · Technical

n. the substance or material that surrounds and holds something else.

n. the substance or environment in which something else is enclosed or embedded, such as the material between cells or the rock surrounding a fossil.

“The fossil was still stuck inside the stone matrix when the scientists found it.”

“The extracellular matrix provides essential structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells in animal tissues.”

C1 · Advanced Countable noun Slang · Informal

n. a complex system or social structure that controls people's lives.

n. a social or political environment perceived as a deceptive, all-encompassing system that limits individual freedom or perception.

“Some people use the term 'the matrix' to describe the rules of modern society.”

“Online subcultures often discuss escaping 'the matrix', referring to a perceived societal trap of debt and conventional employment.”

C2 · Proficiency Countable noun Technical · Archaic

n. a mold or shape used to create something else.

n. a mold or die used for casting or shaping, particularly in traditional printing or metalwork.

“The printer used a copper matrix to cast the lead letters for the book.”

“In traditional hot metal typesetting, the matrix served as the master mold from which individual characters were cast.”