matrix
n.-
1 mathematical grid (n.) B2 Upper Intermediate Academic Technical Matha set of numbers or symbols arranged in rows and columns.
a rectangular array of quantities or expressions in rows and columns that is treated as a single entity and manipulated according to particular rules.
ExampleThe computer uses a large matrix of numbers to calculate the 3D graphics.
ExampleTo solve the system of linear equations, the students first had to represent the coefficients as a three-by-three matrix.
UsageThe plural form is usually 'matrices', though 'matrixes' is occasionally seen in non-technical contexts.
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2 surrounding material (n.) C1 Advanced Academic Technical Sciencethe substance or material that surrounds and holds something else.
the substance or environment in which something else is enclosed or embedded, such as the material between cells or the rock surrounding a fossil.
ExampleThe fossil was still stuck inside the stone matrix when the scientists found it.
ExampleThe extracellular matrix provides essential structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells in animal tissues.
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3 system of control (n.) C1 Advanced Slang Informala complex system or social structure that controls people's lives.
a social or political environment perceived as a deceptive, all-encompassing system that limits individual freedom or perception.
ExampleSome people use the term 'the matrix' to describe the rules of modern society.
ExampleOnline subcultures often discuss escaping 'the matrix', referring to a perceived societal trap of debt and conventional employment.
Teacher's tipThis sense is heavily influenced by the 1999 film 'The Matrix' and is frequently used in modern internet slang to describe societal manipulation.
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4 a mold (n.) C2 Proficiency Technical Archaica mold or shape used to create something else.
a mold or die used for casting or shaping, particularly in traditional printing or metalwork.
ExampleThe printer used a copper matrix to cast the lead letters for the book.
ExampleIn traditional hot metal typesetting, the matrix served as the master mold from which individual characters were cast.
From Middle English matris, matrice, matrix, from Old French matrice (“pregnant animal”), or from Latin mātrīx (“dam, womb”), both ultimately from māter (“mother”). Doublet of mother from Indo-European ancestor. Slang usage coined with the 1999 sci-fi action film The Matrix.