English Reference

Word

multiply

Phoneticsmul·ti·ply, stress on the first syllable

/ˈməɫtəˌpɫaɪ/

Definitions

01mathematics

B1 · Intermediate Mathematics

v. to add a number to itself a specific number of times.

v. to perform the mathematical operation of multiplication. Often used with the preposition 'by'.

“If you multiply three by five, the answer is fifteen.”

“Students are expected to multiply multi-digit integers without the aid of a calculator by the end of the semester.”

Pitfall

If you multiply 5 with 4, you get 20.

If you multiply 5 by 4, you get 20.

In mathematics, use the preposition 'by' after the verb multiply.

Synonyms

Antonyms

02to increase in number

B2 · Upper Intermediate

v. to increase greatly in number or amount.

v. to increase significantly in quantity or intensity. Often used intransitively to describe rapid growth.

“Complaints from customers began to multiply after the price increase.”

“As the economic crisis deepened, the challenges facing the small business community continued to multiply at an alarming rate.”

Antonyms

03to breed

C1 · Advanced Science Technical

v. to produce many young animals or plants.

v. to breed or propagate offspring, typically in large numbers.

“Bacteria can multiply very quickly in warm conditions.”

“Under ideal laboratory conditions, the virus can multiply within the host cells in a matter of hours.”

04in many ways

C2 · Proficiency Formal · Academic

adv. in many different ways or in multiple places.

adv. in a multiple manner; in many ways or parts.

“The author is multiply talented, working as a writer, painter, and musician.”

“The study suggests that the protein is multiply regulated by several distinct cellular pathways simultaneously.”

Antonyms

Collocations

Common phrases and expressions where native English speakers use the word “multiply” in context.

Verb

01. multiply a figure by a factor

“To calculate the total cost, you need to multiply the base figure by a factor of three.”

verb + noun + prep + noun

02. multiply and divide

“Students are expected to be able to multiply and divide large sums without assistance.”

verb + and + verb

03. multiply two numbers

“The teacher showed the children how to multiply two numbers using a calculator.”

verb + noun

Noun

04. problems multiply

“As the project fell behind schedule, technical problems began to multiply.”

noun + verb

Adverb

05. multiply rapidly

“Bacteria can multiply rapidly if food is left out at room temperature.”

verb + adv

06. multiply tenfold

“The number of subscribers to the streaming service multiplied tenfold within a single year.”

verb + adv

Real-World Examples

“Near melting sea ice, sunlight reacts with chemicals released by the ocean, algae, and ice, causing cloud-seeding particles to multiply by as much as 50 times in a day.”
ScienceDaily 18 Aug 2026
“If there is more than one number per cell you multiply them, and if there are no numbers, you put a 1.”
The Guardian 3 Aug 2026

Etymology

From Old French multiplier, from Latin multiplicō, from multi (“many”) + plicō (“to fold”). The noun presumably derives from the verb.

From multiple + -ly.

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Word family

VERB

multiply(B2)

ADJECTIVE

Idioms

This entry

Exam level
CambridgeCambridgeCambridge English QualificationsThe exam suite from Cambridge University Press & Assessment, from A1 Movers up to C2 Proficiency. The benchmark names double as CEFR labels.B2 FirstIELTSIELTSInternational English Language Testing SystemThe 0–9 band test co-owned by the British Council, IDP, and Cambridge. Used for university entry, work, and migration.5.5–6.5TOEFL iBTTOEFL iBTTest of English as a Foreign Language, Internet-Based TestETS's academic English test, the standard route for US university admissions. Scored 0–120, with a 1–6 scale since 2026.1–6 scale: 4.0–4.572–94TOEICTOEICTest of English for International CommunicationETS's workplace English test, big in Japan and Korea. Listening & Reading scores 10–990 and tops out at C1.785–944
Frequency
Frequent
Level
B2 · Upper IntermediateOxford
Updated

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English Reference