English Reference
verb · adverb

multiply

v. · adv.
US /ˈməɫtəˌpɫaɪ/ mul·ti·ply UK spelling multiplied, multiplies

  1. 01 B1 Intermediate Math

    v.to add a number to itself a specific number of times.

    v.to perform the mathematical operation of multiplication. Often used with the preposition 'by'.

    Simple

    If you multiply three by five, the answer is fifteen.

    In context

    Students are expected to multiply multi-digit integers without the aid of a calculator by the end of the semester.

    Pitfall
    If you multiply 5 with 4, you get 20. If you multiply 5 by 4, you get 20.

    In mathematics, use the preposition 'by' after the verb multiply.

  2. 02 B2 Upper Intermediate

    v.to increase greatly in number or amount.

    v.to increase significantly in quantity or intensity. Often used intransitively to describe rapid growth.

    Simple

    Complaints from customers began to multiply after the price increase.

    In context

    As the economic crisis deepened, the challenges facing the small business community continued to multiply at an alarming rate.

    increaseproliferatemushroom
  3. 03 C1 Advanced Technical Science

    v.to produce many young animals or plants.

    v.to breed or propagate offspring, typically in large numbers.

    Simple

    Bacteria can multiply very quickly in warm conditions.

    In context

    Under ideal laboratory conditions, the virus can multiply within the host cells in a matter of hours.

  4. 04 C2 Proficiency FormalAcademic

    adv.in many different ways or in multiple places.

    adv.in a multiple manner; in many ways or parts.

    Simple

    The author is multiply talented, working as a writer, painter, and musician.

    In context

    The study suggests that the protein is multiply regulated by several distinct cellular pathways simultaneously.

Near melting sea ice, sunlight reacts with chemicals released by the ocean, algae, and ice, causing cloud-seeding particles to multiply by as much as 50 times in a day.

ScienceDaily· 18 Aug 2026

If there is more than one number per cell you multiply them, and if there are no numbers, you put a 1.

The Guardian· 3 Aug 2026

Etymology 1

From Old French multiplier, from Latin multiplicō, from multi (“many”) + plicō (“to fold”). The noun presumably derives from the verb.

Etymology 2

From multiple + -ly.

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This entry
Level B2 · Upper Intermediate
Frequency Frequent
Updated