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REFERENCE

particle

n.
US //ˈpɑɹtəkəɫ// UK //pˈɑːtɪkəl// par·ti·cle
  1. 1 a tiny piece (n.)
    B2 Upper Intermediate

    a very small piece of something, such as dust, dirt, or sand.

    a minute fragment or quantity of matter.

    Example

    A tiny particle of dust got into my eye and made it water.

    Example

    The air filtration system was designed to capture even the smallest particles of soot produced by the nearby factory.

  2. 2 physics (n.)
    C1 Advanced Technical Science

    one of the tiny parts that make up an atom, like an electron.

    any of the subatomic constituents of matter or energy, such as protons, neutrons, or photons.

    Example

    Scientists use huge machines to study how particles move and crash into each other.

    Example

    The experiment aimed to observe the decay of the Higgs boson, a fundamental particle that explains why other particles have mass.

    • subatomic particle
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  1. 3 grammar (n.)
    C1 Advanced Technical Science

    a small word that does not change its form and helps other words, like 'to' in 'to go' or 'up' in 'look up'.

    a function word that does not belong to a major inflected grammatical class and lacks a distinct lexical meaning of its own.

    Example

    In the phrasal verb 'give up', the word 'up' is a particle.

    Example

    The teacher explained that the infinitive particle 'to' is grammatically distinct from the preposition 'to' used for direction.

    Usage

    In English, this term often refers to the 'to' in infinitives or the adverbial elements of phrasal verbs.

    • function word
  2. 4 a small amount (n.)
    C2 Proficiency Literary Formal

    a very small amount of a quality or feeling.

    the smallest possible amount or trace of an abstract quality.

    Example

    There was not a particle of truth in the rumors about the scandal.

    Example

    He spoke with such absolute conviction that not a single particle of doubt remained in the minds of the jury.

Origin

From Middle French particule, and its source, Latin particula (“small part, particle”), diminutive of pars (“part, piece”).

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