English Reference

Word

plaque

US/ˈpɫæk/

UK/plˈæk/

Definitions

01commemorative sign

B2

n. a flat piece of metal, stone, or wood with writing on it, usually fixed to a wall to remember a person or event.

n. an ornamental or commemorative tablet, typically of metal or porcelain, fixed to a wall or surface to mark a historical site or honour an individual.

“The city put up a small brass plaque on the house where the famous poet once lived.”

“A commemorative bronze plaque was unveiled at the site of the old library to honour the philanthropists who funded its original construction.”

02on teeth

B2 · Medicine

n. a sticky substance that forms on your teeth if you do not brush them well.

n. a biofilm of bacteria and food particles that accumulates on tooth surfaces, potentially leading to decay or gingivitis.

“Regular brushing and flossing help to remove plaque and keep your gums healthy.”

“The dental hygienist explained that if plaque is not removed daily, it can mineralise into tartar, which requires professional cleaning to remove.”

Usage

uncountable in this dental context

Synonyms

biofilmtartar

03in arteries or brain

C1 · Medicine

n. a build-up of fatty or harmful material inside the body, such as in the heart's tubes or the brain.

n. an abnormal accumulation of fatty deposits or proteins on an inner body surface, such as an arterial wall or within brain tissue.

“Eating too much fatty food can lead to the build-up of plaque in your arteries.”

“The progression of Alzheimer's disease is often associated with the accumulation of amyloid plaques that disrupt communication between neurons in the brain.”

Technical

Usage

can be countable or uncountable depending on the specific medical condition

04casino chip

C2

n. a large, flat rectangular card used instead of money for betting in a casino.

n. a high-value rectangular gaming token used in casinos, distinct from the standard circular chips used for smaller bets.

“The high roller pushed a stack of gold plaques toward the centre of the table.”

“In high-stakes baccarat, players often use large rectangular plaques rather than standard circular chips to represent significant sums of money.”

Technical

Synonyms

Real-World Examples

“The plaques, called Stolpersteine in German, are often placed outside the houses where the victims used to live or work.”
BBC News · 26 Sept 2026
“They compared changes in brain structure among people who later showed plaques with changes seen in people who did not.”
ScienceDaily · 2 Sept 2026

Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from French plaque (“plate, sheet (of metal); slab (of marble); bacteria on teeth”), from French plaquer, Middle French plaquer (“to plate”), from Middle Dutch placken (“to patch, beat metal into a thin plate”), from placke (“disk, patch, stain”), from Old Dutch plagga (“patch”), from Proto-Germanic plaggą (“patch”). The word is cognate with Middle Low German placke, plagge (“small stain, scraps, rags, thin grass”), German Placken (“spot, patch”), Saterland Frisian plak, plakke (“a blow, slap”), Swedish plagg (“clothing, garment”). Compare plack.

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Domains

BiologyMedicine

This entry

Level
B2 · Upper Intermediate
Frequency
Frequent
Updated

Scan code

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English Reference