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presume

v.
US //pɹɪˈzum// UK //pɹɪzjˈuːm// pre·sume
  1. 1 to suppose or assume (v.)
    B2 Upper Intermediate

    to believe something is true because it is very likely, although you do not have proof yet.

    to take something for granted or suppose it to be the case on the basis of probability. Often used in formal or legal contexts.

    Example

    I presume that you have already finished the report since it is on my desk.

    Example

    In many legal systems, the court must presume that the defendant is innocent until the prosecution provides evidence to the contrary.

    Usage

    Often followed by a 'that' clause.
  2. 2 to take a liberty (v.)
    C1 Advanced Formal

    to do something that you do not have the right or authority to do.

    to be so bold as to do something without appropriate authority or permission; to overstep social boundaries.

    Example

    I wouldn't presume to tell you how to do your job.

    Example

    The junior clerk did not presume to interrupt the CEO during the high-stakes board meeting.

    Usage

    Usually followed by an infinitive ('to do something').
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  1. 3 to take advantage of (v.)
    C2 Proficiency Formal Literary

    to use someone's kindness or a situation in a way that is unfair.

    to take unfair advantage of something, such as a person's good nature or a particular situation.

    Example

    He didn't want to presume on their hospitality by staying too long.

    Example

    The distant relative was careful not to presume upon the family's wealth, knowing his claim to the estate was tenuous at best.

    Usage

    Typically used with the prepositions 'on' or 'upon'.
Origin

From Middle English presumen, from Anglo-Norman presumer and its source, Latin praesūmere (“to take beforehand, anticipate”), from prae- + sūmere (“to take”).

Word family

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