English Reference
noun

republic

n.
US /ɹiˈpəbɫək/ UK /ɹɪpˈʌblɪk/ re·pub·lic UK spelling republic's, republic's

  1. 01 B1 Intermediate

    a country that is governed by elected representatives and an elected leader, such as a president, instead of a king or queen.

    A sovereign state in which supreme power rests in the body of citizens entitled to vote and is exercised by representatives chosen directly or indirectly by them.

    Simple

    After the revolution, the country became a republic and elected its first president.

    In context

    The transition from a constitutional monarchy to a federal republic required significant amendments to the nation's founding legal documents.

    democracycommonwealthself government
  2. 02 B2 Upper Intermediate

    a specific region or province within a larger country that has its own government, common in places like Russia.

    A constituent political unit or administrative division within certain federal states, notably used in the Russian Federation or the former Soviet Union.

    Simple

    The traveler visited several different republics during his trip across Central Asia.

    In context

    The autonomous republic maintained its own legislative assembly while remaining a formal part of the larger federal union.

  3. 03 B2 Upper Intermediate Formal

    the period of ancient Roman civilization when it was governed by elected officials before it became an empire.

    The historical era of ancient Roman civilization beginning with the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom and ending with the establishment of the Roman Empire.

    Simple

    In history class, we learned how the Roman Republic was governed by the Senate.

    In context

    Scholars often debate the exact moment when the institutions of the Republic finally collapsed under the weight of military dictatorship.

Usage republic to get

Iran has faced significant US sanctions since nearly the beginning of the Islamic Republic in 1979.

BBC News· 20 Aug 2026

The Seri people, who live between the Sonoran Desert and the Gulf of California, have suffered terribly both under the Spanish colony of Mexico, and the independent republic.

The Guardian· 17 Aug 2026

From Middle French republique (“republic”), from Latin rēspūblicā, from rēs (“thing”) + pūblica (“public”); hence literally “the public thing”.

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This entry
Origin Latin rēspūblicā
Level C1 · Advanced
Frequency Common
Updated