English Reference

Word

shift

US/ˈʃɪft/

UK/ʃˈɪft/

Definitions

01to move or change position

B1 · Intermediate

v. to move something from one place to another, or to change your own position.

v. to move or transfer from one place or position to another; often used intransitively to describe a slight change in posture.

“He shifted his weight from one foot to the other while he waited for the bus.”

“The cargo shifted dangerously during the storm, forcing the captain to adjust the ship's course to maintain stability.”

Antonyms

02to change an opinion or focus

B2 · Upper Intermediate Academic

v. to change your opinion, a plan, or the way you look at something.

v. to undergo or cause a change in character, focus, or opinion.

“The government has shifted its focus toward improving public transport.”

“Public opinion shifted significantly following the publication of the report, leading to a renewed demand for legislative reform.”

Antonyms

03to change gears

B1 · Intermediate

v. to change the gears in a car or bicycle.

v. to change the gear ratio in a motor vehicle or on a bicycle.

“You should shift into a lower gear before you start climbing the steep hill.”

“The driver shifted smoothly into fourth gear as the car accelerated onto the motorway.”

Synonyms

gear downgear up

04work period

B1 · Intermediate Countable noun

n. the period of time you spend at work, or the group of people who work then.

n. a scheduled period of work or the group of workers who perform their duties during such a period.

“My sister works the night shift at the hospital, so she sleeps during the day.”

“The factory operates on three eight-hour shifts to ensure that production never ceases during the working week.”

Synonyms

05a change or movement

B2 · Upper Intermediate Countable noun

n. a change in position, direction, or the way something is done.

n. a change in position, direction, or tendency.

“There has been a major shift in how people use social media lately.”

“The sudden shift in wind direction caught the sailors by surprise, making it difficult to keep the vessel on its intended path.”

06keyboard key

A2 · Elementary Countable noun Computing

n. the key on a computer keyboard that you press to type capital letters.

n. a modifier key on a keyboard used to type capital letters or alternate characters.

“Hold down the shift key to type a capital letter.”

“The programmer used a combination of the shift and control keys to trigger the debugging macro.”

07clothing

C1 · Advanced Countable noun Literary

n. a simple, loose-fitting dress that hangs straight down.

n. a straight, loose-fitting dress without a defined waistline.

“She wore a simple linen shift to the beach party.”

“The historical drama featured costumes ranging from elaborate court gowns to the simple cotton shifts worn by the servants.”

Synonyms

chemiseslip

08to kiss

C2 · Proficiency Dialect · Slang · Informal

v. to kiss someone passionately.

v. to engage in prolonged or passionate kissing.

“He was hoping to shift her at the disco on Friday night.”

“The teenagers spent the entire evening gossiping about who had shifted whom at the end-of-term party.”

Usage

Commonly used in Hiberno-English (Irish English).

Synonyms

make outsnog

Collocations

Common phrases and expressions where native English speakers use the word “shift” in context.

Verb

01. cause shift

“The new law will cause a shift in how people use public transport.”

verb + noun

02. indicate shift

“Recent polls indicate a shift in public opinion regarding the election.”

verb + noun

03. reflect shift

“The changes in the menu reflect a shift toward healthier eating habits.”

verb + noun

04. represent shift

“These new rules represent a major shift in company policy.”

verb + noun

Noun

05. emphasis shift

“There has been an emphasis shift from theory to practical skills in the course.”

noun + noun

06. paradigm shift

“The invention of the internet caused a paradigm shift in how we communicate.”

noun + noun

07. shift occur

“A sudden shift occurred in the weather, and it began to snow.”

noun + verb

08. significant shift

“We have seen a significant shift in the way people shop since the pandemic.”

adj + noun

Etymology

The noun is from Middle English schyft, shyffte. Cognate with German Schicht (“layer, shift”). The verb is from Middle English schiften, from Old English sċiftan (“to divide, separate into shares; appoint, ordain; arrange, organise”), from Proto-Germanic skiftijaną, skiptijaną, from earlier skipatjaną (“to organise, put in order”), from Proto-Indo-European skeyb- (“to separate, divide, part”), from Proto-Indo-European *skey- (“to cut, divide, separate, part”). Cognate with Scots schift, skift (“to shift”), West Frisian skifte, skiftsje (“to sort”), Dutch schiften (“to sort, screen, winnow, part”), German schichten (“to stack, layer”), Swedish skifta (“to shift, change, exchange, vary”), Norwegian skifte (“to shift”), Icelandic skipta (“to switch”). See ship.

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Word family

VERB

shift(B1)

Related words

Idioms

Domains

ComputingMiningMusic

This entry

Exam level
CambridgeCambridgeCambridge English QualificationsThe exam suite from Cambridge University Press & Assessment, from A1 Movers up to C2 Proficiency. The benchmark names double as CEFR labels.B1 PreliminaryIELTSIELTSInternational English Language Testing SystemThe 0–9 band test co-owned by the British Council, IDP, and Cambridge. Used for university entry, work, and migration.4.0–5.0TOEFL iBTTOEFL iBTTest of English as a Foreign Language, Internet-Based TestETS's academic English test, the standard route for US university admissions. Scored 0–120, with a 1–6 scale since 2026.1–6 scale: 3.0–3.544–71TOEICTOEICTest of English for International CommunicationETS's workplace English test, big in Japan and Korea. Listening & Reading scores 10–990 and tops out at C1.550–784
Frequency
Common
Level
B1 · IntermediateOxford
Updated

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