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REFERENCE

absent

US //ˈæbsənt// ab·sent
  1. 1 not present (adj.)
    A2 Elementary

    not in a place, especially when you are expected to be there like at school or work.

    not present in a specific location or at a scheduled event.

    Example

    Several students were absent from class today because of the flu.

    Example

    The manager noted that the employee had been absent from several key briefings without providing a valid medical certificate.

  2. 2 not paying attention (adj.)
    B2 Upper Intermediate

    showing that you are thinking about something else and not looking at what is happening now.

    exhibiting a lack of attention to immediate surroundings; preoccupied or distracted.

    Example

    He had an absent look on his face as if he were dreaming.

    Example

    She answered the phone with an absent nod, her mind clearly still occupied by the complex data on her screen.

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  1. 3 to stay away (v.)
    C1 Advanced Formal

    to choose not to go to a place where you should be.

    to deliberately refrain from attending or being present; almost exclusively used reflexively with a pronoun like 'himself' or 'themselves'.

    Example

    He decided to absent himself from the meeting to avoid the argument.

    Example

    The board members were advised to absent themselves from the vote if they had a personal interest in the contract.

  2. 4 without (prep.)
    C2 Proficiency Formal Technical Law

    a formal way to say 'without' or 'if something is not there'.

    functioning as a preposition meaning 'in the absence of' or 'lacking'.

    Example

    Absent any further evidence, the police had to let the man go.

    Example

    Absent a clear directive from the head office, the local branch was unable to process the emergency funding request.

Etymology 1

From Middle English absent, by way of Middle French absent and Old French ausent. These derive from the Latin absens, the present participle of absum, which combines the roots ab, meaning away, and sum, meaning to be.

Etymology 2

From Middle English absenten, by way of Old French absenter, from the Late Latin absentāre. The term is recorded in the sense of keeping or being away.

Usage

Typically follows a linking verb like 'be' or 'remain'; when used before a noun, it often describes a lack of attention.

Pitfall

He was absent at the meeting.He was absent from the meeting.The adjective 'absent' typically takes the preposition 'from' to indicate the place or event missed.

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