English Reference

Word

barrel

Phoneticsbar·rel, stress on the first syllable

US/ˈbæɹəɫ/

UK/bˈæɹəl/

Definitions

01a container

B1 · Intermediate Countable noun

n. a large, round container made of wood or metal, used for storing liquids like oil, wine, or beer.

n. a cylindrical vessel, traditionally made of wooden staves and hoops, used for the storage and aging of liquids.

“The wine was left to age in an oak barrel for several years.”

“Distilleries often reuse charred oak barrels to impart a specific smoky flavour profile to the maturing spirit.”

Synonyms

02part of a gun

B2 · Upper Intermediate Countable noun

n. the metal tube of a gun that the bullet travels through when it is fired.

n. the metallic tube of a firearm or cannon through which a projectile is discharged.

“The soldier spent the afternoon cleaning the barrel of his rifle.”

“The rifling inside the barrel induces a spin on the bullet, significantly improving the weapon's accuracy over long distances.”

Synonyms

03a unit of measure

B2 · Upper Intermediate Countable noun

n. a specific amount of liquid, usually used when talking about the price of oil.

n. a standard unit of volume for various liquids, most notably used in the international petroleum industry.

“The price of a barrel of oil rose sharply after the news of the strike.”

“Economists monitored the cost per barrel closely, as fluctuations in energy prices typically precede broader inflationary trends.”

Synonyms

04surfing wave

C1 · Advanced Countable noun Sports Informal

n. a wave that curls over as it breaks, creating a hollow space like a tube.

n. a hollow, tube-like space formed by a breaking wave, highly sought after by surfers.

“The surfer disappeared into the barrel and came out the other side.”

“Riding deep inside the barrel requires precise board control and a keen understanding of the wave's velocity.”

Synonyms

05to move fast

B2 · Upper Intermediate Informal

v. to move very fast, often in a way that seems dangerous or out of control.

v. to move at high speed and with great force, often implying a lack of precision or control.

“The truck came barreling down the hill toward the intersection.”

“The storm clouds were barreling across the plains, forcing the farmers to seek immediate shelter before the hail began.”

Usage

Often used with 'down' or 'along'.

Synonyms

boltdashhurtle

Antonyms

06to bulge

C2 · Proficiency Computing Technical

v. to curve outward in the middle like the shape of a barrel.

v. to exhibit a convex distortion where the sides of an image or object bulge outwards.

“The wide-angle lens caused the edges of the photo to barrel slightly.”

“Software corrections are often necessary to rectify the barrel distortion inherent in low-cost wide-angle optics.”

Synonyms

Collocations

Common phrases and expressions where native English speakers use the word “barrel” in context.

Verb

01. scrape the barrel

“The team had to scrape the barrel to find enough players for the final match.”

verb + noun

02. stare down the barrel

“The company is staring down the barrel of bankruptcy after the recent market crash.”

verb + prep + noun

Adjective

03. double-barreled shotgun

“The antique collector purchased a rare nineteenth-century double-barreled shotgun.”

adj + noun

Noun

04. barrel aging

“Traditional barrel aging gives the whiskey its distinct smoky flavor and amber color.”

noun + noun

05. barrel of oil

“The price per barrel of oil has fluctuated significantly over the last quarter.”

noun + of + noun

06. gun barrel

“The soldier carefully cleaned the gun barrel to ensure the weapon functioned correctly.”

noun + noun

Preposition

07. over a barrel

“They knew I needed the job, so they really had me over a barrel during the negotiations.”

prep + noun

Real-World Examples

“Rosebank is estimated to contain the equivalent of up to 300 million barrels of oil and at its peak will produce approximately 69,000 barrels a day.”
BBC News 17 Aug 2026
“Pacific island state declared a state of emergency as the storm barreled toward the archipelago, packing winds that could gust up to 85 mph (137 kph).”
Phys.org 15 Aug 2026
“The tanker carrying about 1 million barrels of oil has created an oil slick estimated at 2,000 square kilometres.”
Al Jazeera 14 Aug 2026
“Brad Sherman of California, is more aggressive: a 100% tax on the amount by which crude prices exceed $75 per barrel.”
The Conversation 12 Aug 2026

Etymology

From Middle English barel, from Anglo-Norman baril, Old French baril, bareil (“barrel”), of uncertain origin. An attempt to link baril to Old French barre (“bar, bolt”) (compare Medieval Latin barra (“bar, rod”)) via assumed Vulgar Latin barrīculum meets the phonological requirement, but fails to connect the word semantically. The alternative connection to Frankish baril, beril or Gothic 𐌱𐌴𐍂𐌹𐌻𐍃 (bērils, “container for transport”), from Proto-Germanic barilaz, bērilaz (“barrel, jug, container”), from Proto-Indo-European bʰer- (“to carry, transport”), is more plausible as it connects not only the form of the word but also the sense; equivalent to bear + -le. Compare also Old High German biril (“jug, large pot”), Luxembourgish Bärel, Bierel (“jug, pot”), Old Norse berill (“barrel for liquids”), Old English byrla (“barrel of a horse, trunk, body”). More at bear.

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Related words

Idioms

Domains

BiologyMusicTelevisionZoology

This entry

Exam level
CambridgeCambridgeCambridge English QualificationsThe exam suite from Cambridge University Press & Assessment, from A1 Movers up to C2 Proficiency. The benchmark names double as CEFR labels.C1 AdvancedIELTSIELTSInternational English Language Testing SystemThe 0–9 band test co-owned by the British Council, IDP, and Cambridge. Used for university entry, work, and migration.7.0–8.0TOEFL iBTTOEFL iBTTest of English as a Foreign Language, Internet-Based TestETS's academic English test, the standard route for US university admissions. Scored 0–120, with a 1–6 scale since 2026.1–6 scale: 5.0–5.595–113TOEICTOEICTest of English for International CommunicationETS's workplace English test, big in Japan and Korea. Listening & Reading scores 10–990 and tops out at C1.945–990
Frequency
Common
Level
C1 · AdvancedOxford
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