English Reference

Word

big

US/ˈbɪɡ/

UK/bˈɪɡ/

Definitions

01large size

A1 · Beginner

adj. having a large size or being very heavy.

adj. of considerable size, extent, or intensity. Usually gradable.

“They live in a big house with five bedrooms and a garden.”

“The developers proposed a big expansion of the shopping centre, despite local concerns regarding increased traffic congestion.”

Pitfall

I have a big brother.

I have an older brother.

While 'big brother' is common, use 'older' to talk specifically about age rather than physical size.

Synonyms

Antonyms

02important

A2 · Elementary Business

adj. important or powerful.

adj. significant, influential, or prominent within a particular context.

“This is a big decision that will change your whole life.”

“Securing the contract with the national health service was a big win for the startup, ensuring their financial stability for the next decade.”

Antonyms

03older

A2 · Elementary Informal

adj. older or more adult, often used when talking to children.

adj. denoting an older sibling or a child who has reached a certain level of maturity.

“You are a big girl now, so you can tie your own shoes.”

“The teacher encouraged the big kids to help the toddlers during the joint playground session.”

Synonyms

oldergrown-up

Antonyms

04popular

B1 · Intermediate Informal

adj. very popular or successful.

adj. highly successful or widely popular in a specific market or culture.

“K-pop is really big in Europe right now.”

“The brand became big in the mid-nineties after several high-profile celebrities were spotted wearing their signature denim jackets.”

Antonyms

05enthusiastic

B1 · Intermediate Informal

adj. liking something very much.

adj. demonstrating strong interest or enthusiasm for a particular activity or subject.

“My brother is a big fan of old jazz music.”

“Although she isn't big on team sports, she spends several hours every morning training for long-distance marathons.”

Usage

Usually followed by the preposition 'on'.

Synonyms

06sinister influence

C1 · Advanced Business Humorous · Informal

adj. used to describe large companies that have too much power.

adj. referring to large-scale corporate or industrial interests, often implying a cynical or manipulative influence.

“Some people are worried about the power of Big Tech companies.”

“The documentary investigates how Big Oil lobbied against environmental regulations throughout the late twentieth century.”

Usage

Usually capitalized and placed before a noun like 'Pharma', 'Tech', or 'Oil'.

07on a large scale

B2 · Upper Intermediate Informal

adv. in a way that is large or successful.

adv. to a great extent or on a large scale; often used with verbs like 'think' or 'win'.

“If you want to succeed in business, you have to think big.”

“The venture capitalist advised the founders to dream big but maintain a rigorous focus on their immediate quarterly targets.”

Synonyms

extensivelygrandly

Antonyms

08important person

C2 · Proficiency Countable noun Slang

n. an important or powerful person in a group.

n. an individual of importance, power, or influence within a specific hierarchy.

“He's one of the bigs in the advertising world.”

“After years in the minor leagues, the pitcher finally got the call to join the bigs in New York.”

Teaching tip

Often used in the phrase 'the bigs' to refer to the major leagues in sports.

Synonyms

Antonyms

Collocations

Common phrases and expressions where native English speakers use the word “big” in context.

01. big part 02. big difference 03. big enough 04. big cities 05. big deal 06. big day 07. big moment 08. big problem

Etymology

Inherited from Northern Middle English big, bigge (“powerful, strong”), possibly from a dialect of Old Norse. Ultimately perhaps a derivative of Proto-Germanic bugja- (“swollen up, thick”), from Proto-Indo-European bʰew-, *bu- (“to swell”), in which case big would be related to bogey, bugbear, and bug. Compare dialectal Norwegian bugge (“great man”), Low German Bögge, Boggelmann.

From Middle English biggen, byggen, from Old Norse byggja, byggva (“to build, dwell in, inhabit”), a secondary form of Old Norse búa (“to dwell”), related to Old English būan (“to dwell”). Cognate with Danish bygge, Swedish bygga.

From Middle English byge, from Old Norse bygg (“barley, probably Hordeum vulgare, common barley”), from Proto-Germanic *bewwuz (“crop, barley”). Cognate with Old English bēow (“barley”).

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Word family

ADJECTIVE

big(A1)

Related words

Idioms

Domain

Business

This entry

Exam level
CambridgeCambridgeCambridge English QualificationsThe exam suite from Cambridge University Press & Assessment, from A1 Movers up to C2 Proficiency. The benchmark names double as CEFR labels.A1 MoversIELTSIELTSInternational English Language Testing SystemThe 0–9 band test co-owned by the British Council, IDP, and Cambridge. Used for university entry, work, and migration.2.0–3.0TOEFL iBTTOEFL iBTTest of English as a Foreign Language, Internet-Based TestETS's academic English test, the standard route for US university admissions. Scored 0–120, with a 1–6 scale since 2026.1–6 scale: 1.0–1.50–23TOEICTOEICTest of English for International CommunicationETS's workplace English test, big in Japan and Korea. Listening & Reading scores 10–990 and tops out at C1.120–224
Frequency
Very common
Level
A1 · BeginnerOxford
Updated

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English Reference