English Reference

Word

broken

Phoneticsbro·ken, stress on the first syllable

US/ˈbɹoʊkən/

UK/bɹˈəʊkən/

Definitions

01damaged or in pieces

A2 · Elementary

adj. damaged and no longer in one piece.

adj. physically separated into fragments or having a fractured structure.

“He tried to glue the broken pieces of the vase back together.”

“The floor was littered with broken glass after the window shattered during the storm.”

Antonyms

02not working

A2 · Elementary

adj. not functioning correctly, like a machine or a tool.

adj. not functioning properly; out of order due to mechanical or electronic failure.

“The elevator is broken, so we will have to take the stairs.”

“The technician explained that the server was broken beyond repair and would need a total replacement.”

03not kept

B1 · Intermediate

adj. used to describe a promise or a rule that was not followed.

adj. violated or not observed; typically used of promises, laws, or contracts.

“A broken promise can make it very hard to trust someone again.”

“The lawsuit was based on a series of broken agreements regarding the distribution of the company's profits.”

Synonyms

Antonyms

04sad and defeated

B2 · Upper Intermediate

adj. feeling very sad and having no hope left.

adj. crushed in spirit; completely defeated or dispirited.

“He was a broken man after losing his job and his home in the same week.”

“The long years of isolation left her feeling broken and unable to reconnect with her former colleagues.”

05overly powerful

C1 · Advanced Sports Slang · Informal

adj. used in games to describe something that is too strong and unfair.

adj. describing a game mechanic or character that is excessively powerful, disrupting the balance of play.

“The new character in the game is totally broken and needs to be changed.”

“Competitive players complained that the latest patch introduced a broken weapon that made defensive strategies impossible.”

Teaching tip

Common in gaming communities; learners should use 'overpowered' in more formal discussions about balance.

Antonyms

06past participle of break

A2 · Elementary

v. the form of 'break' used with 'have' or 'be'.

v. the past participle of the irregular verb 'break'.

“I have broken my glasses and I cannot see the screen.”

“By the time the police arrived, the thieves had already broken into the vault and escaped through the back exit.”

Usage

Used to form the present perfect and past perfect tenses, as well as the passive voice.

Collocations

Common phrases and expressions where native English speakers use the word “broken” in context.

01. broken leg 02. broken plumbing 03. broken records

Etymology

From Middle English broken, from Old English brocen, ġebrocen, from Proto-Germanic brukanaz, past participle of Proto-Germanic brekaną (“to break”). Cognate with Dutch gebroken (“broken”), German Low German broken (“broken”), German gebrochen (“broken”). Morphologically broke + -n.

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Word family

ADJECTIVE

broken(A2)

Related words

Idioms

Domain

Sports

This entry

Exam level
CambridgeCambridgeCambridge English QualificationsThe exam suite from Cambridge University Press & Assessment, from A1 Movers up to C2 Proficiency. The benchmark names double as CEFR labels.A2 KeyIELTSIELTSInternational English Language Testing SystemThe 0–9 band test co-owned by the British Council, IDP, and Cambridge. Used for university entry, work, and migration.3.0–4.0TOEFL iBTTOEFL iBTTest of English as a Foreign Language, Internet-Based TestETS's academic English test, the standard route for US university admissions. Scored 0–120, with a 1–6 scale since 2026.1–6 scale: 2.0–2.524–43TOEICTOEICTest of English for International CommunicationETS's workplace English test, big in Japan and Korea. Listening & Reading scores 10–990 and tops out at C1.225–549
Frequency
Very common
Level
A2 · ElementaryOxford
Updated

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