English Reference
adjective · noun

working

adj. · n.
US /ˈwɝkɪŋ/ UK /wˈɜːkɪŋ/ work·ing

  1. 01 A2 Elementary

    adj.having a paid job or relating to your job.

    adj.engaged in paid employment or relating to the period of time spent at a job.

    Simple

    Most working parents find it difficult to balance their jobs and family life.

    In context

    The government introduced new tax credits specifically designed to support working families struggling with rising childcare costs.

  2. 02 B1 Intermediate

    adj.operating correctly or being in use.

    adj.functioning or operating in the intended manner; currently active or in use.

    Simple

    We need a working elevator because the stairs are too steep for my grandmother.

    In context

    The engineers managed to restore a working connection to the satellite just minutes before the window for data transmission closed.

    brokenbroken down
  3. 03 B2 Upper Intermediate Academic

    adj.good enough to use for now, even if it is not finished.

    adj.serving as a basis for further work; providing a practical or sufficient starting point despite being incomplete.

    Simple

    The scientists have a working theory, but they need more evidence to prove it.

    In context

    The committee established a working definition of the term to ensure all departments were aligned during the initial phase of the project.

  4. 04 B2 Upper Intermediate

    n.the way that a machine, system, or organization operates.

    n.the manner in which a system, machine, or organization functions; often used in the plural to describe internal mechanisms.

    Simple

    The book explains the inner workings of the human brain in simple language.

    In context

    To improve efficiency, the consultant spent a month observing the daily workings of the factory floor and the logistics department.

  5. 05 B1 Intermediate British English Math

    n.the notes and calculations you do to find the answer to a problem.

    n.the intermediate calculations or logical steps performed to reach a solution, particularly in mathematics.

    Simple

    You must show your working in the exam to get full marks.

    In context

    Even though the final answer was incorrect, the student received partial credit because her working demonstrated a clear understanding of the formula.

Usage working together · working conditions · working closely


Etymology 1

From Middle English werking, werkynge, warkynge, worchinge, from Old English wyrċing (“working”), verbal noun of wyrċan (“to work”), equivalent to work + -ing. Cognate with Scots wirking, warking, Dutch werking, German Wirkung.

Etymology 2

From Middle English workyng, wirkynge, worchinge, werchinge, workinde, wirkand, worchende, wurchende, from Old English wyrċende, from Proto-Germanic wurkijandz, present participle of Proto-Germanic wurkijaną (“to work”), equivalent to work + -ing. Compare Scots wirkand, werkand, warkand (“working”), Dutch werkend (“working, acting”), German wirkend (“acting, working”).

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This entry
Origin Old English wyrċing
Level A2 · Elementary
Frequency Very common
Updated