English Reference

Word

cattle

Phoneticscat·tle, stress on the first syllable

US/ˈkætəɫ/

UK/kˈætəl/

Definitions

01farm animals

B1 · Intermediate Plural noun

n. cows, bulls, and oxen kept on a farm for meat or milk.

n. domesticated bovine animals, such as cows and bulls, raised as livestock for economic purposes.

“The farmer moved the cattle to a different field where the grass was longer.”

“The rancher managed over five hundred head of cattle, rotating them across various pastures to ensure the land remained fertile throughout the season.”

Usage

Always plural in construction; it takes a plural verb and cannot be used with a specific number like 'three cattle' (use 'three head of cattle' instead).

Pitfall

The farmer has many cattles.

The farmer has many cattle.

Cattle is a plural noun and does not take an 's' at the end.

02people (insult)

C1 · Advanced Plural noun Informal

n. a rude way to describe a large group of people who are treated like animals or who do not think for themselves.

n. a derogatory metaphor for humans perceived as mindless, submissive, or easily led, often used in political or social critiques.

“The commuters were packed into the train like cattle during the morning rush.”

“The dictator viewed the citizens as mere cattle, useful only for their labour and easily manipulated by state-controlled media.”

Synonyms

03to break or ruin

C2 · Proficiency Slang · British English · Vulgar

v. to break, ruin, or destroy something.

v. to break or ruin; derived from the Cockney rhyming slang 'cattle truck', which rhymes with a common vulgarity.

“I dropped my phone on the pavement and now it is completely cattled.”

“The engine is absolutely cattled after that long journey, and the mechanic says it will cost a fortune to replace.”

Usage

Transitive verb; often used in the passive voice to describe something that is non-functional.

Synonyms

Antonyms

04other livestock

C2 · Proficiency Plural noun Archaic · Dialect

n. an old word for other farm animals like sheep, pigs, or goats.

n. a historical or dialectal use referring to livestock in general, including sheep, swine, or goats.

“In the old stories, the word cattle referred to all the animals on the farm.”

“The historical document lists the tenant's small cattle, specifically referring to the flock of goats kept for milk production.”

Synonyms

Collocations

Common phrases and expressions where native English speakers use the word “cattle” in context.

Verb

01. drive cattle

“The ranch hands spent the afternoon driving cattle toward the lower pastures.”

verb + noun

02. graze cattle

“Farmers are permitted to graze cattle in the national park during the summer months.”

verb + noun

03. rear cattle

“The family has been rearing cattle on this land for three generations.”

verb + noun

Adjective

04. pedigree cattle

“The auction featured several prize-winning pedigree cattle from top breeders.”

adj + noun

05. stray cattle

“Motorists were warned to watch out for stray cattle that had escaped through a broken fence.”

adj + noun

Noun

06. cattle prod

“The guards treated the protesters like animals, using a cattle prod to move them along.”

noun + noun

07. cattle ranch

“They moved to Montana to manage a sprawling cattle ranch near the mountains.”

noun + noun

08. herd of cattle

“A large herd of cattle blocked the narrow country lane, slowing our progress.”

noun + of + noun

Real-World Examples

“The African armyworm not only eats staple crops such as maize and sorghum but also releases a chemical compound in grass that can make cattle sick.”
The Guardian 12 Aug 2026
“The minister has previously said there was "no reasonable alternative" to the cattle being euthanised on site after the 51 cattle were culled following a court order.”
BBC News 14 Aug 2026

Etymology

From Middle English catel, from Anglo-Norman catel (“personal property”), from Old Northern French (compare French cheptel, Old French chetel, chatel, also English chattel) from Medieval Latin capitāle, from Latin capitālis (“of the head”) (whence also capital, from caput (“head”) + -alis (“-al”)). For the sense evolution, compare pecuniary and fee. Also compare Russian поголо́вье (pogolóvʹje, “total number of livestock”) from Russian голова́ (golová, “head”). Doublet of capital and chattel.

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Related words

Idioms

This entry

Exam level
CambridgeCambridgeCambridge English QualificationsThe exam suite from Cambridge University Press & Assessment, from A1 Movers up to C2 Proficiency. The benchmark names double as CEFR labels.C1 AdvancedIELTSIELTSInternational English Language Testing SystemThe 0–9 band test co-owned by the British Council, IDP, and Cambridge. Used for university entry, work, and migration.7.0–8.0TOEFL iBTTOEFL iBTTest of English as a Foreign Language, Internet-Based TestETS's academic English test, the standard route for US university admissions. Scored 0–120, with a 1–6 scale since 2026.1–6 scale: 5.0–5.595–113TOEICTOEICTest of English for International CommunicationETS's workplace English test, big in Japan and Korea. Listening & Reading scores 10–990 and tops out at C1.945–990
Frequency
Common
Level
C1 · AdvancedOxford
Updated

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