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circumstance

n.
US //ˈsɝkəmˌstæns// UK //sˈɜːkəmstˌæns// cir·cum·stance
  1. 1 surrounding facts (n.)
    B2 Upper Intermediate

    a fact or condition that is connected to an event or action.

    a condition or fact that accompanies or determines the nature of an event. Often used in the plural to describe the context of an action.

    Example

    The police are still investigating the circumstances of the accident.

    Example

    The committee must consider the mitigating circumstances before deciding whether to expel the student for his conduct.

    Usage

    Commonly used in the plural form 'circumstances' when referring to a general situation.

    Pitfall
    In these circumstances, we must wait.
    Under these circumstances, we must wait.

    While 'in' is sometimes used, 'under' is the more common and idiomatic preposition for this phrase.

  2. 2 life situation (n.)
    B2 Upper Intermediate Formal

    the situation you are in, especially how much money you have.

    the state of one's financial or social affairs; one's worldly estate.

    Example

    Due to a change in her personal circumstances, she had to move to a smaller house.

    Example

    He found himself in reduced circumstances after the family business collapsed during the economic downturn.

    Usage

    Almost always plural in this sense.

    Teacher's tip

    This is a polite way to talk about someone's wealth or lack of it.

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  1. 3 ceremony (n.)
    C1 Advanced Literary Formal

    formal activities or ceremonies.

    ceremonial display or formal ritual; often paired with 'pomp'.

    Example

    The king was crowned with great pomp and circumstance.

    Example

    The state funeral was conducted with all the pomp and circumstance befitting a former head of state.

    Usage

    Most commonly found in the fixed idiom 'pomp and circumstance'.

Origin

From Middle English circumstaunce, from Old French circonstance, from Latin circumstantia.

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