English Reference

Word

clean

US/ˈkɫin/

UK/klˈiːn/

Definitions

01to remove dirt

A1 · Beginner

v. to remove dirt, marks, or stains from something.

v. to remove impurities, dirt, or foreign matter from a surface or object. Transitive and intransitive uses are common.

“I need to clean my glasses because I can't see through the smudges.”

“The restoration team had to clean the fresco with extreme caution to avoid damaging the original sixteenth-century pigments.”

Synonyms

Antonyms

02to tidy a room

A1 · Beginner

v. to make a place neat and organized.

v. to organize or tidy a space by removing clutter and arranging items properly.

“Please clean your room before your friends arrive for the party.”

“The staff worked quickly to clean the conference hall between sessions, ensuring every chair was aligned and all litter removed.”

Synonyms

Antonyms

mess up

03not dirty

A1 · Beginner

adj. free from dirt, marks, or bad smells.

adj. free from dirt, pollutants, or contamination; in a state of hygiene.

“Put on a clean shirt for the interview so you look professional.”

“The laboratory requires a clean environment to ensure that no outside bacteria interfere with the sensitive chemical cultures.”

Antonyms

04honest or legal

B2 · Upper Intermediate

adj. not involved in anything illegal or dishonest.

adj. free from criminality, immorality, or prohibited substances; often used regarding a person's record or a sports drug test.

“The driver had a clean record with no accidents for ten years.”

“The athlete insisted he was clean, pointing to the results of three independent drug tests conducted during the off-season.”

Antonyms

05environmentally friendly

B1 · Intermediate Science

adj. not causing much pollution or damage to nature.

adj. producing little or no pollution or hazardous waste; sustainable.

“Solar power is a clean energy source that helps protect the planet.”

“The government is subsidising the transition to clean technologies to meet its carbon reduction targets by the end of the decade.”

Synonyms

greensustainableeco-friendly

Antonyms

06smooth and precise

B2 · Upper Intermediate

adj. done in a smooth, simple, and perfect way.

adj. characterised by smooth lines, precise execution, or a lack of unnecessary complexity.

“The knife made a clean cut through the thick rope.”

“The architect is known for the clean lines of her buildings, avoiding the decorative clutter common in traditional designs.”

Antonyms

07an act of cleaning

A2 · Elementary Countable noun

n. the act of making something clean.

n. an instance or process of cleaning something. Usually follows 'give something a...'.

“The kitchen needs a good clean after all that cooking.”

“The apartment was given a thorough clean before the new tenants moved in, leaving the floors polished and the windows sparkling.”

Synonyms

washwipe-down

08completely

B2 · Upper Intermediate Informal

adv. completely or totally.

adv. entirely or completely; often used to emphasize that something was missed or forgotten.

“I clean forgot to call my mother on her birthday.”

“The thief managed to get clean away before the police could set up a perimeter around the building.”

Antonyms

Etymology

From Middle English clene, clane, from Old English clǣne (“clean, pure”), from Proto-West Germanic klainī (“shining, fine, splendid, tender”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European glēy- (“gleaming”), from Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“to gleam”). Cognate with Scots clean (“absolute, pure, clear, empty”) and clene, clane (“clean”), North Frisian klien (“small”), West Frisian klien (“small”), klean (“clean”), Dutch klein (“small”), Low German kleen (“small”), German klein (“small”), Swedish klen (“weak, feeble, delicate”), Icelandic klénn (“poor, feeble, petty, snug, puny, cheesy, lame”).

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Word family

VERB

clean(A1)

ADJECTIVE

Related words

Idioms

Domains

AviationComputingSports

This entry

Exam level
CambridgeCambridgeCambridge English QualificationsThe exam suite from Cambridge University Press & Assessment, from A1 Movers up to C2 Proficiency. The benchmark names double as CEFR labels.A1 MoversIELTSIELTSInternational English Language Testing SystemThe 0–9 band test co-owned by the British Council, IDP, and Cambridge. Used for university entry, work, and migration.2.0–3.0TOEFL iBTTOEFL iBTTest of English as a Foreign Language, Internet-Based TestETS's academic English test, the standard route for US university admissions. Scored 0–120, with a 1–6 scale since 2026.1–6 scale: 1.0–1.50–23TOEICTOEICTest of English for International CommunicationETS's workplace English test, big in Japan and Korea. Listening & Reading scores 10–990 and tops out at C1.120–224
Frequency
Very common
Level
A1 · BeginnerOxford
Updated

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