English Reference

Word

diffraction

Phoneticsdif·frac·tion

US/dɪˈfɹækʃən/

UK/dɪfɹˈækʃən/

Definitions

01bending of waves

C2 · Science

n. the way waves of light, sound, or water bend around an object or spread out after passing through a small opening.

n. the bending of a wave around the corners of an obstacle or through an aperture into the region of geometrical shadow of the obstacle.

“The diffraction of light through the tiny holes in the curtain created a beautiful pattern on the wall.”

“The experiment demonstrated the wave-like nature of electrons by observing their diffraction as they passed through a thin crystal lattice.”

Technical

Usage

Uncountable when referring to the physical phenomenon; countable when referring to specific instances or patterns.

02interference patterns

C2 · Science

n. the patterns created when light waves break apart and join back together after hitting a surface.

n. the modification which light undergoes in passing by the edges of opaque bodies or through narrow slits, resulting in a series of light and dark bands.

“Scientists used X-ray diffraction to look at the structure of the DNA molecule.”

“By analyzing the resulting diffraction pattern, the researchers were able to determine the precise atomic arrangement of the new alloy.”

Technical

Usage

Often used in the context of 'diffraction pattern' or 'X-ray diffraction'.

Synonyms

Real-World Examples

“During that brief interval, the researchers needed to record several properties of the material, including X-ray diffraction measurements capable of revealing its atomic arrangement.”
ScienceDaily · 20 Aug 2026
“Every telescope has a diffraction limit, the finest detail its optics can physically deliver.”
Ars Technica · 7 Aug 2026

Etymology

From New Latin diffrāctiō (in which coined by Francesco Maria Grimaldi), from Latin diffrāctus, past participle of Latin diffringo (“to shatter, to break into pieces”). Coined in Physico-mathesis de lumine (1665) by Francesco Maria Grimaldi.

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Domain

Physics

This entry

Level
C2 · Proficiency
Frequency
Occasional
Updated

Scan code

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English Reference