ENGLISH
REFERENCE

membrane

n.
US //ˈmɛmˌbɹeɪn// UK //mˈɛmbɹeɪn// mem·brane
  1. 1 biological lining (n.)
    C1 Advanced Technical Science

    a thin layer of skin or tissue that covers or connects parts of the body.

    a thin layer of tissue that covers a surface, lines a cavity, or divides a space or organ in an animal or plant.

    Example

    The eardrum is a thin membrane that vibrates when sound waves hit it.

    Example

    The mucous membrane lining the respiratory tract serves as a primary defense mechanism by trapping inhaled pathogens and particles.

    Usage

    Often used with 'mucous', 'cell', or 'plasma'.

  2. 2 synthetic filter (n.)
    C1 Advanced Technical Science

    a thin sheet of material used to filter liquids or gases.

    a thin, semi-permeable material used in industrial or laboratory processes to separate substances in a fluid.

    Example

    The water filter uses a special membrane to remove salt from the ocean water.

    Example

    Advanced desalination plants utilise reverse osmosis membranes to extract potable water from high-salinity sources with high efficiency.

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  1. 3 historical parchment (n.)
    C2 Proficiency Archaic Technical

    a single sheet of parchment used in an old scroll or document.

    a piece of parchment or vellum forming a single leaf or part of a larger roll.

    Example

    The historian carefully unrolled the ancient membrane to read the text.

    Example

    The medieval tax records were meticulously inscribed across several membranes of sheepskin, which were then stitched together into a continuous roll.

    Teacher's tip

    This sense is rare and restricted to historical or archival contexts; modern speakers use 'sheet' or 'page'.

Origin

Late Middle English, borrowed from Latin membrāna (“skin or membrane that covers parts of the body”), from membrum (“a limb or member of the body”) + -āna. Doublet of membrana.

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