English Reference
adjective

punishing

adj.
US /ˈpənɪʃɪŋ/ UK /pˈʌnɪʃɪŋ/ pun·ish·ing

  1. 01 B2 Upper Intermediate

    extremely difficult and tiring, often because it requires a lot of effort over a long time.

    extremely arduous or gruelling; requiring an exhausting amount of physical or mental exertion.

    Simple

    The athletes had a punishing training schedule before the big race.

    In context

    The mountain climbers faced a punishing ascent, battling both the steep terrain and the thinning oxygen levels near the summit.

    Usage

    Often used to describe schedules, workouts, or workloads.

    Teacher's tip

    Remind students that while 'punish' is about a penalty, 'punishing' usually describes the difficulty of a task rather than a literal punishment.

  2. 02 C1 Advanced Formal

    very harsh or severe, often causing damage or pain.

    inflicting severe pain, damage, or hardship; often used figuratively to describe economic or environmental conditions.

    Simple

    The farmers struggled to survive during the punishing heat of the summer.

    In context

    The small business was unable to withstand the punishing taxes imposed by the new local administration.

    Usage

    Commonly collocates with weather conditions like 'heat' or 'cold', or economic terms like 'taxes' or 'tariffs'.

Hurricane Lala weakened to a tropical storm on Sunday after skirting Hawaii without making landfall, but it wasn’t done punishing the Big Island with hurricane-force gusts.

The Guardian· 16 Aug 2026

Hurricane Lala weakened to a tropical storm Sunday after skirting Hawaii without making landfall, but it wasn't done punishing the Big Island with hurricane-force gusts.

NPR· 16 Aug 2026
This entry
Level B2 · Upper Intermediate
Frequency Frequent
Updated