English Reference
adjective

severe

adj.
US /səˈvɪɹ/ UK /sɪvˈiə/ se·vere

  1. 01 B2 Upper Intermediate

    used to describe something very bad, serious, or painful, like an injury or a storm.

    denoting something very great or intense in a negative or harmful way.

    Simple

    The area suffered severe damage after the hurricane hit the coast.

    In context

    The patient was admitted with severe abdominal pain that had not responded to over-the-counter medication.

    Usage

    Often collocates with 'damage', 'pain', 'weather', or 'shortage'.

  2. 02 B2 Upper Intermediate

    very strict or demanding, especially when punishing someone or making rules.

    stern or strict in manner, discipline, or judgement.

    Simple

    The judge gave a severe warning to the lawyers for their behavior.

    In context

    The headteacher was known for her severe discipline, rarely allowing even the smallest infraction to go unpunished.

    Usage

    Commonly used to describe people, punishments, or criticisms.

  3. 03 C1 Advanced Formal

    very simple and plain, without any decoration or extra details.

    unadorned or austere in style or appearance.

    Simple

    She wore a severe black dress with no jewelry to the meeting.

    In context

    The building's severe concrete facade reflected the minimalist architectural trends of the late twentieth century.

    Teacher's tip

    In a fashion or architectural context, this suggests a lack of friendliness or warmth due to extreme simplicity.

Usage severe drought · severe illness · severe burns

Macara said the injuries were "severe and disfiguring" but evidence showed they were likely "survivable".

BBC News· 14 Aug 2026

A similarly severe emergency developed west of Bordeaux in southwestern France.

ScienceDaily· 5 Aug 2026

From Middle French, from Latin severus (“severe, serious, grave in demeanor”).

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This entry
Origin Latin severus
Level B2 · Upper Intermediate
Frequency Common
Updated