English Reference

Word

running

Phoneticsrun·ning, stress on the first syllable

US/ˈɹənɪŋ/

UK/ɹˈʌnɪŋ/

Definitions

01exercise or sport

A2 · Elementary Uncountable noun Sports

n. the activity or sport of moving fast on foot.

n. the physical activity or competitive sport of rapid locomotion on foot.

“She goes running every morning before she has breakfast.”

“Long-distance running requires not only physical endurance but also significant mental discipline to maintain a consistent pace over several hours.”

Synonyms

Antonyms

02management or operation

B2 · Upper Intermediate Uncountable noun

n. the way a business, system, or machine is managed and kept working.

n. the management, administration, or functional operation of an organisation or system.

“He is responsible for the day-to-day running of the office.”

“The smooth running of the international conference depended on the seamless coordination between the technical staff and the local organisers.”

03continuous or ongoing

B1 · Intermediate

adj. continuing for a long time or happening regularly.

adj. continuous, ongoing, or maintained over a period of time without interruption.

“They have a running joke about who is the worst cook in the family.”

“The documentary provides a running commentary on the political changes occurring throughout the decade.”

04flowing liquid

A2 · Elementary

adj. water or liquid that is moving or flowing from a tap.

adj. referring to water supplied through pipes and taps, or liquid in a state of flow.

“The campsite has no running water, so we have to bring our own.”

“The sound of running water from the nearby stream provided a peaceful backdrop to their afternoon picnic.”

Synonyms

Antonyms

05medical discharge

B2 · Upper Intermediate Medicine

adj. liquid coming out of a part of your body, like your nose or a sore.

adj. discharging pus, mucus, or other fluids, typically due to infection or irritation.

“He has a running nose because of his hay fever.”

“The doctor examined the running sore to determine if the infection had spread to the surrounding tissue.”

Antonyms

dry

06consecutively

B2 · Upper Intermediate Informal

adv. happening one after another without a break.

adv. occurring in a continuous sequence; consecutively.

“Our team has won four games running.”

“The company reported record profits for the third year running, exceeding even the most optimistic forecasts from market analysts.”

Synonyms

Collocations

Common phrases and expressions where native English speakers use the word “running” in context.

01. running away 02. running costs 03. running out of time

Etymology

By surface analysis, run + -ing.

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Word family

NOUN

ADJECTIVE

Idioms

Domains

BotanyMedicinePhysics

This entry

Exam level
CambridgeCambridgeCambridge English QualificationsThe exam suite from Cambridge University Press & Assessment, from A1 Movers up to C2 Proficiency. The benchmark names double as CEFR labels.A2 KeyIELTSIELTSInternational English Language Testing SystemThe 0–9 band test co-owned by the British Council, IDP, and Cambridge. Used for university entry, work, and migration.3.0–4.0TOEFL iBTTOEFL iBTTest of English as a Foreign Language, Internet-Based TestETS's academic English test, the standard route for US university admissions. Scored 0–120, with a 1–6 scale since 2026.1–6 scale: 2.0–2.524–43TOEICTOEICTest of English for International CommunicationETS's workplace English test, big in Japan and Korea. Listening & Reading scores 10–990 and tops out at C1.225–549
Frequency
Very common
Level
A2 · ElementaryOxford
Updated

QR code

englishreference.com/q/running

English Reference