Phrasal verb
sum up
Definitions
01to summarize
phr.v. to give a short description of the main facts or ideas of something.
phr.v. to present the main points or essence of a matter in a concise form. Often used to conclude a speech, essay, or meeting.
“To sum up, we need to reduce our spending and find new customers.”
“The chairman's closing remarks served to sum up the diverse perspectives shared during the three-day symposium on urban planning.”
02to calculate a total
phr.v. to add up different amounts to find the total.
phr.v. to calculate the total of a series of numbers or quantities. Transitive when an object is present, though often used with 'everything' or 'it all'.
“The accountant will sum up the expenses at the end of the month.”
“After the auction concluded, the clerk had to sum up the final bids to determine the total revenue generated for the charity.”
Teaching tip
contrast with 'summarize' (more formal) and 'recap' (more casual/spoken); 'sum up' is versatile and works well in both academic writing and business meetings.
Phrasal verb
Particles
up
Separability
optional
Pattern
sum (+ object) + up (+ object)
Synonyms
Antonyms
Word family
Grammar
Scan code
englishreference.com/q/sum-up