ENGLISH
REFERENCE

backward

adj.
B1 Intermediate US //ˈbækwɝd// UK //bˈækwəd// back·ward Archaic

adj. directed toward the back or the past. You use this to describe movement or a way of thinking that does not look forward.

adj. directed or facing toward the rear; also describes a state of development that is less advanced than others. Often used to describe physical motion or metaphorical progress.


SIMPLE

He took a backward step to avoid the puddle.

CONTEXTUAL

The company's new policy felt like a backward move for workers' rights.

COMPLEX

The historian argued that the policy was a backward attempt to revive a social order that had long since vanished from the modern world.

Synonyms
Antonyms
Origin

From Middle English bakwarde, abakward, equivalent to back (adverb) + -ward. Cognate with Old Frisian bekward (“backward”).

Usage

In British English, 'backwards' is more common as an adverb, while 'backward' is the standard form for the adjective.

Pitfall

a backwards stepa backward stepWhile 'backwards' is a common adverb, the adjective form used before a noun should be 'backward' without the 's'.

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