English Reference

Word

coal

US/ˈkoʊɫ/

UK/kˈəʊl/

Definitions

01fossil fuel

B1 · Intermediate Uncountable noun Science

n. a hard black rock from underground that is burned to produce heat or electricity.

n. a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock used as a solid fossil fuel. Uncountable when referring to the substance; countable when referring to types or pieces.

“The old power station burned coal to create electricity for the whole city.”

“Despite the global shift toward renewable energy, several developing economies still rely heavily on coal to meet their industrial power demands.”

Synonyms

fossil fuelanthracite

02burning ember

B2 · Upper Intermediate Countable noun

n. a glowing piece of wood or fuel in a fire.

n. a piece of glowing or charred wood, charcoal, or other solid fuel in a fire.

“We roasted marshmallows over the red coals of the campfire.”

“As the flames died down, the hikers huddled closer to the glowing coals to stay warm through the freezing night.”

Synonyms

03bad internet content

C2 · Proficiency Uncountable noun Computing Slang · Informal

n. very low-quality or boring content found on the internet.

n. a slang term used in online subcultures to describe content perceived as low-quality, forced, or unappealing.

“Don't bother clicking that link; it's just pure coal.”

“The forum was quickly overwhelmed by users posting coal, making it nearly impossible to find any meaningful discussion.”

Synonyms

Antonyms

gem

04to supply with fuel

C1 · Advanced Technical

v. to provide a ship or train with a supply of coal.

v. to supply a vessel or locomotive with coal; also used intransitively to describe the act of taking on such a supply.

“The steamship stopped at the port to coal before crossing the ocean.”

“The logistics of coaling a fleet of steam-powered warships required a global network of strategic supply stations.”

Synonyms

05colour

B2 · Upper Intermediate Literary

adj. having a very dark black colour, like coal.

adj. of the colour of coal; jet-black. Usually used in the compound 'coal-black'.

“The cat had coal black fur that shone in the sunlight.”

“The stallion's coal coat provided a stark contrast to the white winter landscape through which it galloped.”

Synonyms

jet-blackinky

Antonyms

snow-white

Collocations

Common phrases and expressions where native English speakers use the word “coal” in context.

Verb

01. burn coal

“Many power stations still burn coal to generate electricity for the city.”

verb + noun

02. mine coal

“Workers have mined coal in this valley for over a hundred years.”

verb + noun

Adjective

03. hot coals

“Wait until the hot coals are glowing red before you start cooking the meat.”

adj + noun

Noun

04. coal fire

“There is nothing better than sitting in front of a warm coal fire on a winter night.”

noun + noun

05. coal mine

“My grandfather spent his entire working life in a deep coal mine.”

noun + noun

06. lump of coal

“The child found a small lump of coal on the ground near the old tracks.”

measure + of + noun

Etymology

From Middle English cole, from Old English col, from Proto-West Germanic kol, from Proto-Germanic kulą, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵwelH- (“to burn, shine”). Cognate with West Frisian koal (“coal”), Cimbrian kholl (“coal”), Dutch kool (“coal; carbon”), German Kohle (“coal”), Luxembourgish Kuel (“coal”), Vilamovian köła (“coal”), Yiddish קויל (koyl, “coal”), Danish kul (“coal”), Faroese, Icelandic, Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk, Swedish kol (“coal; carbon”), Jamtish kuł (“coal; carbon”). Compare Middle Irish gúal (“coal”), Lithuanian žvi̇̀lti (“to twinkle, glow”), Persian زغال (zoġâl, “live coal”), Sanskrit ज्वल् (jval, “to burn, glow”), Tocharian B śoliye (“hearth”), all from the same root.

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Related words

Idioms

Domain

Mining

This entry

Exam level
CambridgeCambridgeCambridge English QualificationsThe exam suite from Cambridge University Press & Assessment, from A1 Movers up to C2 Proficiency. The benchmark names double as CEFR labels.B1 PreliminaryIELTSIELTSInternational English Language Testing SystemThe 0–9 band test co-owned by the British Council, IDP, and Cambridge. Used for university entry, work, and migration.4.0–5.0TOEFL iBTTOEFL iBTTest of English as a Foreign Language, Internet-Based TestETS's academic English test, the standard route for US university admissions. Scored 0–120, with a 1–6 scale since 2026.1–6 scale: 3.0–3.544–71TOEICTOEICTest of English for International CommunicationETS's workplace English test, big in Japan and Korea. Listening & Reading scores 10–990 and tops out at C1.550–784
Frequency
Common
Level
B1 · IntermediateOxford
Updated

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