Word
constrained
Phoneticscon·strained, stress on the second syllable
US/kənˈstɹeɪnd/
UK/kənstɹˈeɪnd/
Definitions
01restricted or limited
B2 · Upper Intermediate Academic
adj. limited or restricted by rules, space, or lack of money.
adj. kept within close bounds or restricted by external circumstances such as budget, space, or regulations.
“The research team was constrained by a very small budget this year.”
“The architect's design was severely constrained by the narrow plot of land and strict local building codes.”
Usage
Often followed by the preposition 'by'.
Synonyms
Antonyms
02forced or unnatural
C1 · Advanced Formal
adj. not natural or free, often because you are forced to act a certain way.
adj. appearing forced, stiff, or unnatural due to external pressure or internal discomfort.
“He gave a constrained smile when his rival won the award.”
“The atmosphere during the negotiations remained constrained, with both parties choosing their words with extreme caution.”
Usage
Frequently describes facial expressions, gestures, or social atmospheres.
Antonyms
Real-World Examples
“Only 29% of the HOAs limited outdoor-light wattage, 19% required residents to maintain trees, 6% constrained use of fertilizers and 3% required native plants.” “In this crowded environment, each chain is constrained by the others around it.” - Exam level
- CambridgeCambridgeCambridge English QualificationsThe exam suite from Cambridge University Press & Assessment, from A1 Movers up to C2 Proficiency. The benchmark names double as CEFR labels.B2 FirstIELTSIELTSInternational English Language Testing SystemThe 0–9 band test co-owned by the British Council, IDP, and Cambridge. Used for university entry, work, and migration.5.5–6.5TOEFL iBTTOEFL iBTTest of English as a Foreign Language, Internet-Based TestETS's academic English test, the standard route for US university admissions. Scored 0–120, with a 1–6 scale since 2026.1–6 scale: 4.0–4.572–94TOEICTOEICTest of English for International CommunicationETS's workplace English test, big in Japan and Korea. Listening & Reading scores 10–990 and tops out at C1.785–944
- Frequency
- Frequent
- Level
- B2 · Upper Intermediate
- Updated
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