English Reference

Word

fail

US/ˈfeɪɫ/

UK/fˈeɪl/

Definitions

01to be unsuccessful

A2 · Elementary

v. to not succeed in achieving a goal or doing what you tried to do.

v. to be unsuccessful in an endeavour or to fall short of a required standard.

“He failed to finish the race because he hurt his leg halfway through.”

“Despite their significant investment in research and development, the startup failed to capture a viable share of the competitive smartphone market.”

Synonyms

Antonyms

02academic grading

A2 · Elementary

v. to not pass a test or an exam; also, when a teacher gives you a non-passing grade.

v. to receive or assign a non-passing grade in an academic context. Ambitransitive use.

“I am worried that I might fail my driving test for the second time.”

“The professor warned that he would fail any student who was caught plagiarising their final thesis.”

Synonyms

flunk

Antonyms

03to stop working

B1 · Intermediate

v. when a machine, a part of the body, or a system stops working correctly.

v. to cease functioning properly or to break down, often used of mechanical systems or biological organs.

“The car's brakes failed while he was driving down the steep hill.”

“The backup generators failed during the storm, leaving the entire hospital without power for several critical hours.”

Antonyms

04to disappoint or let down

B2 · Upper Intermediate

v. to not be there for someone when they need you, or to disappoint them.

v. to prove deficient or insufficient in a time of need; to let someone down or desert them.

“I needed my friend's help, but she failed me when things got difficult.”

“Words failed him as he stood before the crowd, unable to express the depth of his gratitude for their support.”

Antonyms

05an unsuccessful result

B1 · Intermediate Countable noun

n. a result that is not a pass, or a situation that did not go well.

n. an instance of failure, particularly an academic grade that is not a pass.

“He was very upset when he saw a fail on his report card.”

“The inspector recorded a fail for the building's safety systems, citing several blocked emergency exits.”

Synonyms

Antonyms

06an embarrassing mistake

B2 · Upper Intermediate Countable noun Informal · Slang

n. a funny or embarrassing mistake, often shown in videos or photos.

n. a humiliating or ridiculous mistake or failure, often used in digital contexts to mock an error.

“The video of the cat missing the jump was a total fail.”

“The marketing campaign was an absolute fail, as the slogan was accidentally translated into something offensive.”

Synonyms

Collocations

Common phrases and expressions where native English speakers use the word “fail” in context.

01. approach fail 02. attempt fail 03. method fail 04. model fail 05. similarly fail 06. theory fail

Etymology

Inherited from Middle English failen, borrowed from Old French falir, from Vulgar Latin fallire, alteration of Latin fallere (“to deceive, disappoint”), from Proto-Indo-European bʰāl- (“to lie, deceive”) or Proto-Indo-European *(s)gʷʰh₂el- (“to stumble”). Compare Alemannic German fääle (“to lack”), Cimbrian béelan, véelan (“to fail”), veln (“to be absent, missing”), Dutch falen, feilen (“to fail, miss”), German fallieren, fehlen (“to fail, miss, lack”), Danish fejle (“to fail, err”), Swedish fallera (“to fail, break, malfunction”), Spanish fallar (“to fail, miss”).

Unknown. Compare Scottish Gaelic fàl (“hedge”), Scots faill (“turf”). Attested from the 16th century.

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Word family

VERB

fail(A2)

Related words

Idioms

This entry

Exam level
CambridgeCambridgeCambridge English QualificationsThe exam suite from Cambridge University Press & Assessment, from A1 Movers up to C2 Proficiency. The benchmark names double as CEFR labels.A2 KeyIELTSIELTSInternational English Language Testing SystemThe 0–9 band test co-owned by the British Council, IDP, and Cambridge. Used for university entry, work, and migration.3.0–4.0TOEFL iBTTOEFL iBTTest of English as a Foreign Language, Internet-Based TestETS's academic English test, the standard route for US university admissions. Scored 0–120, with a 1–6 scale since 2026.1–6 scale: 2.0–2.524–43TOEICTOEICTest of English for International CommunicationETS's workplace English test, big in Japan and Korea. Listening & Reading scores 10–990 and tops out at C1.225–549
Frequency
Common
Level
A2 · ElementaryOxford
Updated

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