English Reference

Word

sleep

Phoneticssleep

US/ˈsɫip/

UK/slˈiːp/

Irregular verb

Forms

Infinitive

sleep

Past

slept

Past participle

slept

Definitions

01to rest the body

A1 · Beginner

v. to rest in a state where you are not awake and your body recovers.

v. to rest in a natural state of reduced consciousness and suspended sensory activity.

“I usually sleep for eight hours every night to feel refreshed.”

“Most adults require between seven and nine hours of quality sleep to maintain optimal cognitive function and emotional regulation throughout the day.”

Pitfall

I am very sleep today.

I am very sleepy today.

Use the adjective 'sleepy' to describe how you feel, not the verb or noun 'sleep'.

Synonyms

Antonyms

02to provide beds

B1 · Intermediate

v. to have enough space or beds for a certain number of people.

v. to provide sleeping accommodations for a specific number of people; takes a direct object representing the capacity.

“The small holiday cottage can sleep up to six people comfortably.”

“The refurbished villa is designed to sleep twelve guests, featuring four master suites and a dedicated bunk room for children.”

03to be inactive

B2 · Upper Intermediate Computing Technical

v. to wait or stay inactive for a while, like a computer in power-saving mode.

v. to remain in a state of dormancy or inactivity; in computing, to enter a low-power mode where the current state is maintained in RAM.

“The laptop will sleep if you don't touch the keyboard for ten minutes.”

“The system is configured to sleep after fifteen minutes of user inactivity to preserve battery life while ensuring a rapid resume time.”

Synonyms

Antonyms

04the state of resting

A1 · Beginner Uncountable noun

n. the natural state of rest for your mind and body.

n. the physiological state of rest characterized by altered consciousness and inhibited sensory activity.

“She was in a deep sleep and didn't hear the phone ring.”

“Research suggests that deep sleep is critical for memory consolidation and the clearance of metabolic waste from the brain.”

Synonyms

Antonyms

wakefulness

05eye discharge

C2 · Proficiency Uncountable noun Medicine Informal · Technical

n. the dry, crusty material that sometimes collects in the corners of your eyes while you rest.

n. the dried rheum or mucous discharge that accumulates in the medial canthus of the eye during rest.

“He woke up and rubbed the sleep out of his eyes.”

“While technically known as rheum, most people simply refer to the morning ocular discharge as sleep.”

Synonyms

rheumcrust

06plant dormancy

C2 · Proficiency Uncountable noun Botany Technical

n. a state where plants close their leaves or flowers at night.

n. the nocturnal position of the organs of a plant, such as the folding of leaflets or closing of petals.

“Some flowers enter a state of sleep when the sun goes down.”

“The nyctinastic movement, often called plant sleep, is a circadian rhythm response to light and temperature fluctuations.”

Synonyms

nyctinasty

Real-World Examples

“For decades, the advice was simple: get eight hours of sleep a night to feel refreshed the next day.”
National Geographic 12 May 2026
“Sleep refreshes the brain and body in ways we don’t fully understand: repairing tissues, clearing out toxins and solidifying memories.”
Quanta Magazine 17 Oct 2025

Word family

VERB

Sleep(A2)

PHRASAL VERB

Related words

Idioms

In Literature

Cover for The Big Sleep

Original artwork created for englishreference.com.

The Big Sleep · 1939-01-01 · Crime fiction, noir fiction

Author:
Raymond Chandler

Raymond Chandler’s 1939 hardboiled masterpiece follows private investigator Philip Marlowe as he navigates the corrupt underworld of Los Angeles. The title uses the headword as a grim euphemism for death, contrasting the peaceful nature of rest with the permanent silence of the criminals and victims Marlowe encounters.

Domains

BotanyComputing

This entry

Exam level
CambridgeCambridgeCambridge English QualificationsThe exam suite from Cambridge University Press & Assessment, from A1 Movers up to C2 Proficiency. The benchmark names double as CEFR labels.A2 KeyIELTSIELTSInternational English Language Testing SystemThe 0–9 band test co-owned by the British Council, IDP, and Cambridge. Used for university entry, work, and migration.3.0–4.0TOEFL iBTTOEFL iBTTest of English as a Foreign Language, Internet-Based TestETS's academic English test, the standard route for US university admissions. Scored 0–120, with a 1–6 scale since 2026.1–6 scale: 2.0–2.524–43TOEICTOEICTest of English for International CommunicationETS's workplace English test, big in Japan and Korea. Listening & Reading scores 10–990 and tops out at C1.225–549
Frequency
Very common
Level
A2 · ElementaryOxford
Updated

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