English Reference

Word

supplemental

Phoneticssup·ple·men·tal, stress on the third syllable

US/ˌsəpɫəˈmɛnəɫ/

UK/sˌʌplɪmˈɛntəl/

Definitions

01extra or additional

B2 · Upper Intermediate Academic

adj. added to something else to improve it or provide more information.

adj. serving as a supplement; providing additional support, information, or reinforcement to a primary element.

“The teacher gave us supplemental reading materials to help us understand the topic.”

“The researchers provided supplemental data in the appendix to support their controversial findings regarding the new drug's efficacy.”

Usage

Usually placed before the noun it modifies.

Antonyms

02unscheduled or extra

C1 · Advanced Technical

adj. describes something that happens outside of a normal schedule, like an extra flight.

adj. referring to services or items provided outside of a standard schedule or regular provision.

“The airline added a supplemental flight to handle the holiday crowds.”

“The charter company operates supplemental air carrier services during peak seasonal demand to alleviate pressure on commercial routes.”

Antonyms

03an extra part

B2 · Upper Intermediate Countable noun

n. a thing that is added to something else.

n. an item, document, or amount added to a larger whole to complete or enhance it.

“The new law included a supplemental for emergency school funding.”

“The committee approved a budget supplemental to cover the unforeseen costs of the infrastructure repairs.”

Synonyms

04extra funding

C1 · Advanced Countable noun Law Formal · Technical

n. extra money given by a government for a specific project.

n. a formal requisition or piece of legislation that provides additional funding for an existing program.

“Congress passed a supplemental to help the city after the flood.”

“The defense department requested a supplemental to ensure the continued operation of the peacekeeping mission through the end of the fiscal year.”

Real-World Examples

“In fact, gig work may be supplemental, but it isn’t always optional.”
The Conversation 7 Aug 2026
“In June the White House requested $87.6bn in supplemental funding, of which $67.1bn was earmarked for the Pentagon.”
The Guardian 15 Sept 2026

Etymology

From supplement + -al.

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Word family

ADJECTIVE

supplemental(B2)

This entry

Exam level
CambridgeCambridgeCambridge English QualificationsThe exam suite from Cambridge University Press & Assessment, from A1 Movers up to C2 Proficiency. The benchmark names double as CEFR labels.B2 FirstIELTSIELTSInternational English Language Testing SystemThe 0–9 band test co-owned by the British Council, IDP, and Cambridge. Used for university entry, work, and migration.5.5–6.5TOEFL iBTTOEFL iBTTest of English as a Foreign Language, Internet-Based TestETS's academic English test, the standard route for US university admissions. Scored 0–120, with a 1–6 scale since 2026.1–6 scale: 4.0–4.572–94TOEICTOEICTest of English for International CommunicationETS's workplace English test, big in Japan and Korea. Listening & Reading scores 10–990 and tops out at C1.785–944
Frequency
Frequent
Level
B2 · Upper Intermediate
Updated

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English Reference