Word
translation
Phoneticstrans·la·tion, stress on the second syllable
US/tɹænˈsɫeɪʃən/
UK/tɹænslˈeɪʃən/
Definitions
01changing languages
B1 · Intermediate Uncountable noun
n. the act of changing words from one language into another language.
n. the process of rendering text or speech from a source language into a target language while maintaining the original meaning.
“The translation of the novel into English took almost two years to complete.”
“The committee debated whether the translation should prioritize literal accuracy or the preservation of the author's unique poetic rhythm.”
Usage
Often used with the preposition 'into' to indicate the target language.
Pitfall
I need a translation for this book to Spanish.
I need a translation of this book into Spanish.
Use 'of' for the source material and 'into' for the target language.
Teaching tip
Distinguish between 'translation' (written) and 'interpretation' (spoken) in professional contexts, though learners often use 'translation' for both.
Synonyms
02a translated text
B1 · Intermediate Countable noun
n. a book, document, or piece of text that has been changed into a different language.
n. the specific product or text resulting from the act of translating.
“I have two different translations of the Bible on my bookshelf.”
“Scholars compared several nineteenth-century translations of the manuscript to identify where the original meaning might have been obscured.”
Usage
Countable when referring to a specific version of a text.
Antonyms
03moving something
C1 · Advanced Uncountable noun Mathematics Technical
n. moving something from one place to another without changing its shape or turning it.
n. the act of moving something from one location to another; in geometry, a transformation that slides a figure in a specific direction.
“A translation moves every point of a shape the same distance in the same direction.”
“The software calculates the precise translation required to align the two three-dimensional models without any rotational adjustment.”
Usage
Used as a countable noun in geometry to describe a specific movement.
Teaching tip
This is a specialized sense; in everyday English, 'move' or 'shift' is much more common.
Synonyms
Antonyms
04making proteins
C2 · Proficiency Uncountable noun Science Technical
n. the process in a cell where a message is used to build a protein.
n. the process by which a sequence of nucleotide triplets in a messenger RNA molecule gives rise to a specific sequence of amino acids during protein synthesis.
“Translation is a key step in how our bodies use genetic information to grow.”
“During translation, the ribosome moves along the mRNA strand, facilitating the assembly of a polypeptide chain based on the genetic code.”
Usage
Uncountable in its biological sense.
Teaching tip
Often taught alongside 'transcription' in biology; learners frequently confuse the two terms.
Antonyms
Collocations
Common phrases and expressions where native English speakers use the word “translation” in context.
Adjective
01. direct translation
“A direct translation of this idiom doesn't make sense in English.”
adj + noun
02. translation direct
Etymology
From Middle English translacioun (“transfer, translation”), from Anglo-Norman translacioun, from Latin trānslātiō, from trānslāt-, the supine stem of trānsferō (“to transfer, transport, transform, translate”). Equivalent to translate + -ion. Displaced native Old English wending.
Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.
Word family
VERB
NOUN
ADJECTIVE
Related words
Idioms
Domains
- Exam level
- CambridgeCambridgeCambridge English QualificationsThe exam suite from Cambridge University Press & Assessment, from A1 Movers up to C2 Proficiency. The benchmark names double as CEFR labels.B1 PreliminaryIELTSIELTSInternational English Language Testing SystemThe 0–9 band test co-owned by the British Council, IDP, and Cambridge. Used for university entry, work, and migration.4.0–5.0TOEFL iBTTOEFL iBTTest of English as a Foreign Language, Internet-Based TestETS's academic English test, the standard route for US university admissions. Scored 0–120, with a 1–6 scale since 2026.1–6 scale: 3.0–3.544–71TOEICTOEICTest of English for International CommunicationETS's workplace English test, big in Japan and Korea. Listening & Reading scores 10–990 and tops out at C1.550–784
- Frequency
- Common
- Level
- B1 · IntermediateOxford
- Updated
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QR code
englishreference.com/q/translation