English Reference

Word

translation

Phoneticstrans·la·tion, stress on the second syllable

US/tɹænˈsɫeɪʃən/

UK/tɹænslˈeɪʃən/

Definitions

01changing languages

B1 · Intermediate Uncountable noun

n. the act of changing words from one language into another language.

n. the process of rendering text or speech from a source language into a target language while maintaining the original meaning.

“The translation of the novel into English took almost two years to complete.”

“The committee debated whether the translation should prioritize literal accuracy or the preservation of the author's unique poetic rhythm.”

Usage

Often used with the preposition 'into' to indicate the target language.

Pitfall

I need a translation for this book to Spanish.

I need a translation of this book into Spanish.

Use 'of' for the source material and 'into' for the target language.

Teaching tip

Distinguish between 'translation' (written) and 'interpretation' (spoken) in professional contexts, though learners often use 'translation' for both.

02a translated text

B1 · Intermediate Countable noun

n. a book, document, or piece of text that has been changed into a different language.

n. the specific product or text resulting from the act of translating.

“I have two different translations of the Bible on my bookshelf.”

“Scholars compared several nineteenth-century translations of the manuscript to identify where the original meaning might have been obscured.”

Usage

Countable when referring to a specific version of a text.

Synonyms

Antonyms

03moving something

C1 · Advanced Uncountable noun Mathematics Technical

n. moving something from one place to another without changing its shape or turning it.

n. the act of moving something from one location to another; in geometry, a transformation that slides a figure in a specific direction.

“A translation moves every point of a shape the same distance in the same direction.”

“The software calculates the precise translation required to align the two three-dimensional models without any rotational adjustment.”

Usage

Used as a countable noun in geometry to describe a specific movement.

Teaching tip

This is a specialized sense; in everyday English, 'move' or 'shift' is much more common.

Antonyms

04making proteins

C2 · Proficiency Uncountable noun Science Technical

n. the process in a cell where a message is used to build a protein.

n. the process by which a sequence of nucleotide triplets in a messenger RNA molecule gives rise to a specific sequence of amino acids during protein synthesis.

“Translation is a key step in how our bodies use genetic information to grow.”

“During translation, the ribosome moves along the mRNA strand, facilitating the assembly of a polypeptide chain based on the genetic code.”

Usage

Uncountable in its biological sense.

Teaching tip

Often taught alongside 'transcription' in biology; learners frequently confuse the two terms.

Antonyms

Collocations

Common phrases and expressions where native English speakers use the word “translation” in context.

Adjective

01. direct translation

“A direct translation of this idiom doesn't make sense in English.”

adj + noun

02. translation direct

Etymology

From Middle English translacioun (“transfer, translation”), from Anglo-Norman translacioun, from Latin trānslātiō, from trānslāt-, the supine stem of trānsferō (“to transfer, transport, transform, translate”). Equivalent to translate + -ion. Displaced native Old English wending.

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Word family

NOUN

translation(B1)

Related words

Idioms

Domains

MathematicsMedicinePhysics

This entry

Exam level
CambridgeCambridgeCambridge English QualificationsThe exam suite from Cambridge University Press & Assessment, from A1 Movers up to C2 Proficiency. The benchmark names double as CEFR labels.B1 PreliminaryIELTSIELTSInternational English Language Testing SystemThe 0–9 band test co-owned by the British Council, IDP, and Cambridge. Used for university entry, work, and migration.4.0–5.0TOEFL iBTTOEFL iBTTest of English as a Foreign Language, Internet-Based TestETS's academic English test, the standard route for US university admissions. Scored 0–120, with a 1–6 scale since 2026.1–6 scale: 3.0–3.544–71TOEICTOEICTest of English for International CommunicationETS's workplace English test, big in Japan and Korea. Listening & Reading scores 10–990 and tops out at C1.550–784
Frequency
Common
Level
B1 · IntermediateOxford
Updated

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English Reference