English Reference

Word

nail

US/ˈneɪɫ/

UK/nˈeɪl/

Definitions

01finger or toe part

A2 · Elementary Countable noun Medicine

n. the hard, thin part that grows on the ends of your fingers and toes.

n. the horny, keratinous plate covering the dorsal surface of the distal phalanges of fingers and toes.

“She painted her nails a bright red color for the party.”

“The doctor examined the patient's nails for signs of discoloration, which can sometimes indicate an underlying nutritional deficiency.”

02metal fastener

A2 · Elementary Countable noun

n. a small, thin piece of metal with a sharp point and a flat head, used to hold wood together.

n. a slender, pointed metal fastener designed to be driven into wood or other materials by impact.

“He used a hammer to drive a nail into the wall for the picture frame.”

“The carpenter selected galvanized nails to ensure the outdoor decking would remain secure despite exposure to moisture and salt air.”

Synonyms

03to fix with metal pins

B1 · Intermediate

v. to join things together using metal nails.

v. to fasten or attach objects using metal nails; typically transitive requiring a direct object.

“We need to nail these boards together to make the fence strong.”

“The workers spent the afternoon nailing the plywood sheets to the subfloor before the carpet installers arrived.”

Synonyms

Antonyms

unfastendetach

04to do perfectly

B2 · Upper Intermediate Informal

v. to do something very successfully or perfectly.

v. to perform a task or achieve a goal with complete success or precision.

“You really nailed that presentation; everyone was very impressed.”

“Despite her nerves, she absolutely nailed the final high note, earning a standing ovation from the entire auditorium.”

Synonyms

Antonyms

failbotchmess up

05to catch someone

B2 · Upper Intermediate Law Informal

v. to catch someone doing something wrong or to arrest a criminal.

v. to apprehend a person or expose them in the act of a crime or deception.

“The police finally managed to nail the thief after a long investigation.”

“The investigative journalists worked for months to nail the corrupt politician for his involvement in the bribery scandal.”

Antonyms

06sexual intercourse

C1 · Advanced Slang · Vulgar

v. a very informal and sometimes rude way to talk about having sex.

v. to engage in sexual intercourse; typically used with a male subject and often carries a predatory or aggressive connotation.

“He bragged to his friends about nailing the girl he met at the bar.”

“The dialogue in the film was criticized for its frequent use of vulgar terms like 'nailing' to describe casual encounters.”

Teaching tip

This sense is highly informal and can be seen as disrespectful or misogynistic; learners should avoid using it in polite or professional company.

Synonyms

Collocations

Common phrases and expressions where native English speakers use the word “nail” in context.

Verb

01. bite nail

“He tends to bite his nails when he is feeling nervous.”

verb + noun

02. drive nail

“It is difficult to drive a nail into such hard timber.”

verb + noun

03. hammer nail

“Use the mallet to hammer the nail into the wall.”

verb + noun

04. nail break

“I can't open the box because my nail just broke.”

noun + verb

05. nail hold

“Make sure the nail holds the two boards together securely.”

noun + verb

06. paint nail

“She decided to paint her nails bright red for the party.”

verb + noun

Adjective

07. false nail

“She spent an hour at the salon getting false nails applied.”

adj + noun

08. long nail

“She used a file to shape her long nails.”

adj + noun

Noun

09. head of nail

“Hit the head of the nail squarely to avoid bending it.”

noun + prep + noun

10. a nail in the coffin

“The new tax was the final nail in the coffin for the small business.”

11. hard as nails

“Don't expect any sympathy from the boss; she's as hard as nails.”

12. hit the nail on the head

“Your analysis of the problem really hit the nail on the head.”

Etymology

From Middle English nail, nayl, Old English næġl, from Proto-West Germanic nagl, from Proto-Germanic naglaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃nogʰ- (“nail”). Cognates Compare North Frisian Nail (“nail”), Saterland Frisian Nail (“nail”), West Frisian neil, Low German Nagel, Dutch nagel, German Nagel, Danish negl, Swedish nagel, Finnish naula (“nail”), Estonian nael (“nail”), (compare Irish ionga, Latin unguis, Albanian nyell (“ankle, hard part of a limb”), Lithuanian nagas, Russian нога́ (nogá, “foot, leg”), но́готь (nógotʹ, “nail”), Ancient Greek ὄνυξ (ónux), Persian ناخن (nâxon), Sanskrit नख (nakhá).

From Middle English naylen, from Old English næġlan.

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Word family

Related words

Idioms

Domains

AnatomyMilitary

This entry

Exam level
CambridgeCambridgeCambridge English QualificationsThe exam suite from Cambridge University Press & Assessment, from A1 Movers up to C2 Proficiency. The benchmark names double as CEFR labels.B1 PreliminaryIELTSIELTSInternational English Language Testing SystemThe 0–9 band test co-owned by the British Council, IDP, and Cambridge. Used for university entry, work, and migration.4.0–5.0TOEFL iBTTOEFL iBTTest of English as a Foreign Language, Internet-Based TestETS's academic English test, the standard route for US university admissions. Scored 0–120, with a 1–6 scale since 2026.1–6 scale: 3.0–3.544–71TOEICTOEICTest of English for International CommunicationETS's workplace English test, big in Japan and Korea. Listening & Reading scores 10–990 and tops out at C1.550–784
Frequency
Common
Level
B1 · IntermediateOxford
Updated

QR code

englishreference.com/q/nail

English Reference