English Reference

Word

awake

US/əˈweɪk/

UK/ɐwˈeɪk/

Irregular verb

Forms

Infinitive

awake

Past

awoke

Past participle

awoken

Definitions

01not sleeping

A2 · Elementary

adj. not sleeping; conscious and alert.

adj. not asleep; in a state of consciousness. Primarily used as a predicative adjective after a verb like 'be' or 'stay'.

“I was still wide awake at midnight because I had too much coffee.”

“The patient remained fully awake during the minor procedure, though the local anaesthetic ensured he felt no pain.”

Pitfall

The awake child was crying.

The child who was awake was crying.

In modern English, 'awake' usually comes after the verb (predicative), not before the noun (attributive). Use 'waking' or 'alert' before a noun instead.

Synonyms

02aware

C1 · Advanced Literary

adj. knowing about something or noticing what is happening around you.

adj. alert to or aware of a particular fact, circumstance, or danger.

“You must stay awake to the risks of sharing your password online.”

“Investors are increasingly awake to the long-term implications of climate change on global supply chains.”

Antonyms

03to stop sleeping

B1 · Intermediate Formal · Literary

v. to wake up, or to make someone else wake up.

v. to cease sleeping or to rouse someone from sleep. Often used in more formal or literary contexts than 'wake up'.

“I usually awake to the sound of birds singing outside my window.”

“The protagonist awakes in a strange room with no memory of how he arrived there the previous night.”

Usage

The past tense is 'awoke' and the past participle is 'awoken'.

Synonyms

wakewakenrouse

Antonyms

04to stir up feelings

C1 · Advanced Literary

v. to start a feeling or a memory that was hidden or quiet.

v. to excite or stir up a latent emotion, memory, or state of being.

“The old song started to awake memories of her childhood summers.”

“The harsh criticism served to awake a sense of defiance in the young artist that she hadn't felt before.”

Antonyms

Confusables

awake vs waking

Awake describes a state of consciousness, while waking describes the transition out of sleep or the time spent conscious.

RememberAwake is the state; waking is the change.

Etymology

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *ud-s-? Proto-Indo-European *h₂u-s-? Proto-Germanic *uz- Proto-West Germanic *uʀ- Old English ar- Old English ā- Proto-Indo-European *weǵ-der. Proto-Germanic *wakaną Proto-West Germanic *wakan Old English wacan Old English āwacan Middle English awaken Middle English awake English awake From Middle English awake, a shortened form of awaken (“awakened, awake”), past participle of Middle English awaken (“to awaken”). See verb below. Compare Saterland Frisian woak (“awake”), German Low German waak (“awake”), German wach (“awake”).

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *ud-s-? Proto-Indo-European *h₂u-s-? Proto-Germanic *uz- Proto-West Germanic *uʀ- Old English ar- Old English ā- Proto-Indo-European *weǵ-der. Proto-Germanic *wakaną Proto-West Germanic *wakan Old English wacan Old English āwacan Middle English awaken English awake From Middle English awaken and awakien, from Old English āwacan and āwacian. By surface analysis, a- + wake.

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Related words

Idioms

This entry

Exam level
CambridgeCambridgeCambridge English QualificationsThe exam suite from Cambridge University Press & Assessment, from A1 Movers up to C2 Proficiency. The benchmark names double as CEFR labels.B1 PreliminaryIELTSIELTSInternational English Language Testing SystemThe 0–9 band test co-owned by the British Council, IDP, and Cambridge. Used for university entry, work, and migration.4.0–5.0TOEFL iBTTOEFL iBTTest of English as a Foreign Language, Internet-Based TestETS's academic English test, the standard route for US university admissions. Scored 0–120, with a 1–6 scale since 2026.1–6 scale: 3.0–3.544–71TOEICTOEICTest of English for International CommunicationETS's workplace English test, big in Japan and Korea. Listening & Reading scores 10–990 and tops out at C1.550–784
Frequency
Common
Level
B1 · Intermediate
Updated

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