foundation

B2 · Upper Intermediate Countable noun Academic

n. a basic idea, principle, or fact that something else is based on.

n. the fundamental principle, theory, or data upon which a system of thought or an argument is established.

日本語:基盤※

“Respect and honesty are the foundation of a healthy relationship.”

“The researcher argued that the current economic model lacks a solid empirical foundation, leading to frequent and unpredictable market failures.”

B2 · Upper Intermediate Countable noun

n. an organization that is started with a large amount of money to help people or do research.

n. an endowed institution or charity established to provide funding or support for specific social, educational, or scientific purposes.

日本語:財団※

“The foundation provides scholarships for students who want to study medicine.”

“The private foundation announced a multi-million dollar grant aimed at eradicating tropical diseases in sub-Saharan Africa.”

B2 · Upper Intermediate Uncountable noun

n. a type of cream or powder put on the face to make the skin look smooth and even.

n. a skin-coloured cosmetic applied to the face to create an even, uniform colour and to cover flaws.

“She applied a light layer of foundation before putting on her eye makeup.”

“The makeup artist selected a liquid foundation with yellow undertones to match the model's natural skin tone under the studio lights.”

C1 · Advanced Uncountable noun Formal

n. the act of starting a new organization or system.

n. the formal act of establishing or beginning an institution, society, or system.

“The city celebrated the 500th anniversary of the foundation of the university.”

“Since its foundation in 1945, the international body has struggled to balance the competing interests of its most powerful member states.”