English Reference
noun · adjective · verb

functioning

n. · adj. · v.
US /ˈfəŋkʃənɪŋ/ UK /fˈʌŋkʃənɪŋ/ func·tion·ing

  1. 01 B2 Upper Intermediate Academic

    n.the way that a machine, system, or body part performs its job.

    n.the manner or process by which something operates or performs its intended purpose.

    Simple

    Doctors are monitoring the normal functioning of his heart after the surgery.

    In context

    The smooth functioning of the global supply chain depends on predictable energy costs and stable international trade agreements.

    Usage

    Often used with 'of' to describe the system being discussed.

  2. 02 B2 Upper Intermediate

    adj.working or operating in the right way.

    adj.operational or performing a required function; often used to describe a system that is active.

    Simple

    We finally have a functioning heater in the office now that winter has started.

    In context

    Without a functioning legal framework, it is nearly impossible for small businesses to resolve contract disputes effectively.

  3. 03 B2 Upper Intermediate

    v.working or serving as something else for a short time.

    v.the present participle of 'function', describing the act of fulfilling a specific role or suit.

    Simple

    The old sofa is currently functioning as a bed for our guest.

    In context

    The community centre is functioning as a temporary shelter while the floodwaters recede from the residential districts.

  4. 04 C1 Advanced Technical Medicine

    adj.able to live and work in society despite having a mental health condition or addiction.

    adj.describing an individual who maintains a social or professional life despite a chronic condition or disability.

    Simple

    He was a functioning alcoholic who never missed a day of work despite his habit.

    In context

    The term is often used to describe patients who, despite significant neurodivergence, remain highly functioning within traditional workplace environments.

    Teacher's tip

    In modern psychology, this term is sometimes seen as reductive; use with care when discussing disability.

Usage mental functioning · social functioning

These abilities depend on executive functioning, the mental skills that help us plan, focus attention, remember instructions and regulate our behavior.

Phys.org· 17 Aug 2026

These programs recognize the public benefits that green roofs can provide, but they tend to focus on getting the roofs built rather than on keeping them functioning long term.

Phys.org· 14 Aug 2026
This entry
Level B2 · Upper Intermediate
Frequency Common
Updated