ENGLISH
REFERENCE

functioning

n. · adj. · v.
US //ˈfəŋkʃənɪŋ// UK //fˈʌŋkʃənɪŋ// func·tion·ing
  1. 1 the way something works (n.)
    B2 Upper Intermediate Academic

    the way that a machine, system, or body part performs its job.

    the manner or process by which something operates or performs its intended purpose.

    Example

    Doctors are monitoring the normal functioning of his heart after the surgery.

    Example

    The smooth functioning of the global supply chain depends on predictable energy costs and stable international trade agreements.

    Usage

    Often used with 'of' to describe the system being discussed.
  2. 2 working correctly (adj.)
    B2 Upper Intermediate

    working or operating in the right way.

    operational or performing a required function; often used to describe a system that is active.

    Example

    We finally have a functioning heater in the office now that winter has started.

    Example

    Without a functioning legal framework, it is nearly impossible for small businesses to resolve contract disputes effectively.
Show 2 more sensesShow fewer
  1. 3 acting as (v.)
    B2 Upper Intermediate

    working or serving as something else for a short time.

    the present participle of 'function', describing the act of fulfilling a specific role or suit.

    Example

    The old sofa is currently functioning as a bed for our guest.

    Example

    The community centre is functioning as a temporary shelter while the floodwaters recede from the residential districts.
  2. 4 coping with daily life (adj.)
    C1 Advanced Technical Medicine

    able to live and work in society despite having a mental health condition or addiction.

    describing an individual who maintains a social or professional life despite a chronic condition or disability.

    Example

    He was a functioning alcoholic who never missed a day of work despite his habit.

    Example

    The term is often used to describe patients who, despite significant neurodivergence, remain highly functioning within traditional workplace environments.

    Teacher's tip

    In modern psychology, this term is sometimes seen as reductive; use with care when discussing disability.

© 2026 English Reference