robust

B2 · Upper Intermediate

adj. strong enough to work well even in difficult conditions.

adj. capable of withstanding adverse conditions or rough handling without failing.

日本語:丈夫※

“The hikers needed robust boots that could handle the rocky mountain paths.”

“The equipment was designed to be robust enough for use in extreme arctic temperatures where standard electronics often fail.”

C1 · Advanced Academic

adj. strong and effective, like a plan, an economy, or an argument.

adj. strong and unlikely to be challenged or weakened; showing vigor and effectiveness.

“The company reported robust sales growth despite the difficult economy.”

“The researcher presented a robust defense of her theory, citing several peer-reviewed studies that supported her initial findings.”

C1 · Advanced Computing Technical

adj. describes a computer program or system that does not crash easily.

adj. able to continue functioning despite errors, unexpected input, or partial failure.

“We need a more robust system to handle the high volume of traffic on our website.”

“The software architecture is remarkably robust, maintaining core functionality even when several external API dependencies are unavailable.”

C2 · Proficiency Mathematics Technical

adj. describes a result that stays accurate even if some data is slightly wrong.

adj. yielding valid results even when the underlying assumptions of a statistical model are violated.

“The findings are robust across different groups of people.”

“The statistical test is robust to non-normality, making it a reliable choice for analyzing this specific dataset.”

C2 · Proficiency Humorous · Formal

adj. used as a polite way to say someone is a bit loud, rough, or lacks manners.

adj. used euphemistically to describe behavior that is coarse, blunt, or lacking in refinement.

“He has a rather robust sense of humor that not everyone appreciates.”

“The debate was characterized by a robust exchange of views that occasionally bordered on the personal.”