English Reference

Word

shallow

Phoneticsshal·low, stress on the first syllable

US/ˈʃæɫoʊ/

UK/ʃˈæləʊ/

Definitions

01not deep water

B1 · Intermediate

adj. having only a short distance from the top to the bottom.

adj. having little physical depth; measuring a small distance from the surface to the base.

“The children played in the shallow end of the swimming pool.”

“The boat ran aground in the shallow waters near the coast, as the captain had underestimated how much the tide had receded.”

Synonyms

Antonyms

02superficial person

B2 · Upper Intermediate

adj. describing someone who only cares about unimportant things like looks or money.

adj. lacking intellectual or emotional depth; concerned only with obvious or superficial matters.

“He is a bit shallow and only dates people who look like models.”

“Critics dismissed the novel as shallow, arguing that the author failed to explore the complex psychological motivations of the protagonists.”

03breathing

B2 · Upper Intermediate Medicine

adj. describing breaths that do not take much air into the lungs.

adj. characterised by a lack of physical penetration or intensity, specifically regarding respiration.

“The patient was taking quick, shallow breaths after the accident.”

“The paramedic noticed the victim's shallow breathing and immediately checked for a blocked airway.”

Synonyms

Antonyms

04not steep

C1 · Advanced Technical

adj. having a very gentle slope that is almost flat.

adj. having a low gradient or angle; approaching the horizontal.

“The ramp has a shallow slope to make it easier for wheelchairs.”

“The roof was designed with a shallow pitch to comply with local height restrictions while maintaining a modern aesthetic.”

Synonyms

Antonyms

05area of low water

C1 · Advanced Countable noun Literary

n. a place in a river or sea where the water is not deep.

n. an area of a body of water where the depth is significantly reduced.

“The small fish gathered in the shallows to hide from larger predators.”

“Wading through the shallows, the researchers collected samples of the unique seagrass that only grows in sunlit, low-depth environments.”

Synonyms

shoalsandbank

Antonyms

06to become less deep

C2 · Proficiency Science Technical

v. to become less deep over time.

v. to decrease in depth; often used in nautical or geological contexts to describe a seabed rising.

“The river began to shallow as it filled with sand and mud.”

“The coastal charts must be updated frequently because the shifting currents cause the channel to shallow unpredictably.”

Synonyms

silt up

Antonyms

Collocations

Common phrases and expressions where native English speakers use the word “shallow” in context.

Verb

01. remain shallow

“The lake remains shallow for several meters before the ground suddenly drops away.”

verb + adj

02. seem shallow

“He might seem shallow because he talks about fashion, but he is actually very intelligent.”

verb + adj

Adjective

03. extremely shallow

“The river is extremely shallow during the summer months, making it impossible to sail.”

adv + adj

04. shallow breathing

“The doctor noticed the patient had rapid, shallow breathing due to the panic attack.”

adj + noun

05. shallow water

“The children were playing safely in the shallow water near the shore.”

adj + noun

Noun

06. shallow end of the pool

“Beginners are advised to stay in the shallow end of the pool until they feel confident.”

adj + noun + of + noun

07. shallow grave

“The detectives discovered the evidence buried in a shallow grave in the woods.”

adj + noun

Real-World Examples

“About 80 degrees North, this remote island area was once covered by a shallow sea.”
ScienceDaily 17 Aug 2026
“People weren’t telling us they wanted a wide but shallow pool of friends.”
The Conversation 7 Aug 2026
“Shallow water would be far easier to investigate than the deeply buried ocean.”
ScienceDaily 29 Jul 2026

Etymology

From Middle English schalowe (“not deep, shallow”); apparently related to Middle English schalde, schold, scheld, schealde (“shallow”), from Old English sċeald (“shallow”), from Proto-Germanic skal-, from Proto-Indo-European (s)kelh₁- (“to parch, dry out”). Related to Low German Scholl (“shallow water”). See also shoal.

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Related words

Idioms

This entry

Exam level
CambridgeCambridgeCambridge English QualificationsThe exam suite from Cambridge University Press & Assessment, from A1 Movers up to C2 Proficiency. The benchmark names double as CEFR labels.B2 FirstIELTSIELTSInternational English Language Testing SystemThe 0–9 band test co-owned by the British Council, IDP, and Cambridge. Used for university entry, work, and migration.5.5–6.5TOEFL iBTTOEFL iBTTest of English as a Foreign Language, Internet-Based TestETS's academic English test, the standard route for US university admissions. Scored 0–120, with a 1–6 scale since 2026.1–6 scale: 4.0–4.572–94TOEICTOEICTest of English for International CommunicationETS's workplace English test, big in Japan and Korea. Listening & Reading scores 10–990 and tops out at C1.785–944
Frequency
Common
Level
B2 · Upper IntermediateOxford
Updated

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