English Reference

Word

private

Phoneticspri·vate, stress on the first syllable

US/ˈpɹaɪvət/

UK/pɹˈaɪvət/

Definitions

01personal or non-public

A2 · Elementary

adj. belonging to one person or group rather than the government or the general public.

adj. pertaining to an individual, a family, or a commercial entity that is not under state control.

“The sign on the gate said that this was private property and we could not enter.”

“The government is considering selling the railway network to a private company to reduce the burden on the national budget.”

02secret or confidential

B1 · Intermediate

adj. not meant to be known or seen by other people.

adj. intended for or restricted to the use of a particular person or group; not to be disclosed publicly.

“I need to have a private conversation with you about your performance.”

“The CEO held a private meeting with the board members to discuss the sensitive details of the upcoming merger.”

Antonyms

03secluded

B1 · Intermediate

adj. quiet and hidden away from other people's view.

adj. protected from public view or disturbance; providing a high degree of seclusion.

“The hotel has a private beach where guests can relax away from the crowds.”

“They bought a house in a private cul-de-sac, hoping the lack of through-traffic would provide a safer environment for their children.”

Antonyms

04military rank

B2 · Upper Intermediate Countable noun Military

n. a soldier with the lowest rank in the army.

n. the lowest enlisted rank in many armies, below a corporal or sergeant.

“Private Smith was assigned to guard the entrance to the base.”

“After completing basic training, the new recruits were promoted to the rank of private and assigned to their respective regiments.”

Synonyms

Antonyms

05genitals

C1 · Advanced Plural noun Informal

n. a polite or indirect way to talk about a person's sex organs.

n. a plural-only euphemism referring to the external genitalia.

“The player was hit in the privates by the ball and had to leave the game.”

“The medical examiner noted several minor abrasions in the area of the victim's privates during the initial assessment.”

Teaching tip

This is a common euphemism used to avoid more clinical or vulgar terms; it is almost always used in the plural form 'privates'.

Synonyms

06to hide online

B2 · Upper Intermediate Computing Informal

v. to change the settings on a social media account or post so only you or your friends can see it.

v. to restrict public access to digital content or a social media profile without deleting the data.

“She decided to private her Instagram account after she started looking for a new job.”

“The influencer chose to private several of her older videos following a wave of negative comments from anonymous users.”

Usage

This is a functional shift where the adjective 'private' is used as a transitive verb.

Synonyms

Antonyms

Collocations

Common phrases and expressions where native English speakers use the word “private” in context.

Verb

01. go into the private sector

“After working for the government, he decided to go into the private sector.”

verb + prep + adj + noun

02. keep the matter private

“Please keep the matter private until we are ready to tell the whole team.”

verb + noun + adj

Adjective

03. private life

“The famous singer tries to keep her private life away from the newspapers.”

adj + noun

04. private conversation

“They went into another room so they could have a private conversation.”

adj + noun

05. private lessons

“I am taking private lessons to improve my English speaking skills.”

adj + noun

06. private property

“You cannot park your car here because this is private property.”

adj + noun

Preposition

07. in private

“The manager needs to speak with you in private about your performance.”

prep + noun

Real-World Examples

“California Gov. Gavin Newsom vetoed legislation Wednesday that would have penalized Californians for using smart glasses to record people without their permission in changing rooms, doctor’s offices and other spaces people generally consider private.”
LAist 1 Oct 2026
“Some ‘private’ chats and docs are showing up on search engines.”
The Guardian 28 Jul 2026
“Private Processing is designed to enable AI cloud processing that protects data from all outside parties, including Meta itself.”
WIRED 23 Sept 2026

Etymology

From Middle English privat(e) (“individual, exclusive, private”), from Latin prīvātus (“bereaved, deprived, set apart from, release”), perfect passive participle of prīvō (“to bereave, deprive, release”) (see -ate (adjective-forming suffix) for more), from prīvus (“private, one's own, proper”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *per; compare prime, prior, pristine. Doublet of privy.

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Related words

Idioms

Domains

FinanceInternetMilitaryPhilosophy

This entry

Exam level
CambridgeCambridgeCambridge English QualificationsThe exam suite from Cambridge University Press & Assessment, from A1 Movers up to C2 Proficiency. The benchmark names double as CEFR labels.B1 PreliminaryIELTSIELTSInternational English Language Testing SystemThe 0–9 band test co-owned by the British Council, IDP, and Cambridge. Used for university entry, work, and migration.4.0–5.0TOEFL iBTTOEFL iBTTest of English as a Foreign Language, Internet-Based TestETS's academic English test, the standard route for US university admissions. Scored 0–120, with a 1–6 scale since 2026.1–6 scale: 3.0–3.544–71TOEICTOEICTest of English for International CommunicationETS's workplace English test, big in Japan and Korea. Listening & Reading scores 10–990 and tops out at C1.550–784
Frequency
Very common
Level
B1 · IntermediateOxford
Updated

QR code

englishreference.com/q/private

English Reference